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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is gene expression? |
How the information encoded in your DNA ultimately affects the way you look and how you function. |
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Describe the term genome: |
IT refers to the total genetic material within a cell, and individual or a species. |
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Is there DNA only in the chromosomes? |
No there's also DNA in mitochondria. |
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What percentage of DNA is involved in coding of biological molecules? |
25% |
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What percentage of DNA codes for the production of the functioning protein molecules? |
1.5% |
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What are some of the hypothesized functionings of the non-coding regions? |
-It could just be junk, serving no purpose but getting copied and passed along with useful DNA. -It could be a remnant from our past evolution - It could contain remnants of past infections - It could provide a benefit to the useful NA by protecting it from mutations. |
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What are chromosomes? |
They contain the hereditary (genetic) information in living cell. All living cells and viruses contain genetic information in chromosomes. |
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What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans? |
2n=46 |
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What is the haploid number of chromosomes in a human? |
n=23 |
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Where are the chromosomes located in the cell? |
The nucleus, and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. In a virus it is found in the core. |
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What is a gene? |
A gene is the basic unit of heredity. It is a section of a chromosome that controls the production of one biological molecule, usually a protein. |
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Define the term locus: |
The position of a gene on a chromosomes. |
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How many genes are in the human genome: |
30 000 |
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Describe linked genes: |
When two genes are linked closely together on a chromosome, they are more likely to be inherited together. |
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Describe the structure of a gene: |
Genes contain coding and non-coding sequences of bases. The upstream region of a gene contains base sequences that regulate the activity of the gene. it contains promoter sequences and sites for the binding of the enzymes necessary for transcription. |
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What is a coding region comprised? |
In eukaryotes, coding regions contain introns and exons. |
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What is an exon? |
Parts of a gene that contain the base sequences that code for the amino acids needed to build a protein molecule. |
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What is an intron? |
Non-coding segments of DNA spliced between the exons. |
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DNA molecules bear the genetic or herditary information contained in the ceels of organisms. It is the main component of- |
Chromosomes. |
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What is nucleotide? |
An individual unit in a nucleic acid molecule. |
