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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Passive immunization |
Transfer of immunity via antiserum/purified Abs, provides immediate but temporary protection
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Active immunization |
induction of immune response by injection of Ag in immunogenic form
-vaccination |
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VAccination |
injection of dead/attenuated pathogen |
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Subunit vaccines |
-contains components of pathogens -induce predominantly Ab response -inactivated subunit of pathogen, aka toxoid |
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Conjugate vaccine |
-bacterial polysaccharides must be conjugated to protein -vaccine strategy is to elicit Abs specific for the polysaccharide capsules -capsular polysaccharides are T cell-independent Ags and can be used as vaccines -can be used with young children who don't mount effective T cell-independent Ab responses |
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Conjugate vaccine |
-polysaccharide is conjugated chemically to foreign protein -B cells expressing BCR specific for polysaccharide component can present to T cells -T cell dependent anti-polysaccharide Ab response generated |
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Killed (inactivated vaccines)
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-treated viruses so they can't replicate -can't present peptides for presentation -elicit Ab responses ex. influenza |
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Live vaccines |
-induce immunity, not disease -replicate intracellularly, so yield viral peptides for MHC class 1 -elicit CTLs example: polio, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella |
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2 types of live vaccines |
-viruses that are non-virulent in humans (cow pox) -attenuated viruses (can't cause disease) |
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Adjuvants |
substances that enhance immunogenicity of antigens by |
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5 routes of injection |
-intradermal (flu) -subcutaneous (MMR) -intramuscular (Dtap) -intranasal -oral |
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Booster shot |
additional dose of vaccine to boost immune system |
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4 types of immunotherapy |
1) Ab 2) cytokine 3) soluble receptor 4) cancer |
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Immunotherapy |
treatment of a disease with therapeutic agents that promote/inhibit immune responses |
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Ab therapy |
Passive immunity |
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CTLA4-Ig |
binds tightly to B7 on surface of APCs; blocks B7 from binding to CD28 and providing the costimulation necessary for activation of T cells |
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TNFR-Ig |
binds tightly to soluble TNF, blocks TNF from binding to TNFR on cells |
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Ex of TNFR-Ig |
Etanercept |
