Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how do you treat C. diff?
|
stop antibiotics and give oral metronidazole (IV works too)
|
|
When is a total knee replacement indicated?
|
pts have severe restriction of walking, night pain, rest pain,
|
|
When are steroid injections in the knee used?
|
In pts with OA and knee effusion as a short term solution
|
|
What is tyramine?
|
A sympathomimetic agent, usually metabolized in the gut
|
|
what drug helps cancer pts gain weight?
|
megestrol acetate
|
|
What material forms the most common type of kidney stones
|
calcium oxalate
|
|
what conditions increased the risk for caclium oxalate kidney stones?
|
small bowel disease, small bowel resection, fat malabsorption
|
|
who gets calcium phosphate stones?
|
pts with hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis
|
|
who gets cysteine stones?
|
pts with inborn error of metabolism
|
|
who gets struvite stones?
|
pts with UTI with proteus species, a urease producing bug
|
|
si/sx of open angle glaucoma?
|
gradual loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, high intraocular pressure, cupping of the optic disk
|
|
who gets open angle glaucoma?
|
African-Americans with diabetes
|
|
tx of open angle glaucoma?
|
timolol eye drops, laser trabeculoplasty, surgical trabeculoplasty
|
|
si/sx of diabetic retinopathy
|
asymptomatic till late, poor night vision, curtain falling when pts have vitreous bleed, floaters during resolution of vitreous bleeds
|
|
si/sx of acute closed angle glaucoma?
|
sudden onset of eye pain, blurry vision, hazy cornea, nausea, vomiting, red eye, fixed dilated pupil
|
|
si/sx of cataract
|
blurred vision, problems with nighttime driving, glare
|
|
what cancers does tamoxifen increase the risk of?
|
endometrial and uterine sarcoma
|
|
what is bigeminy?
|
when PVCs alternate with sinus beats
|
|
how do you treat PVCs
|
try not to, most are benign, ensure that electrolytes are normal, observe, quantify with Holter monitoring, stress tests
|
|
half-life of amiodarone?
|
>45 days
|
|
what arrhythmias are treated with digoxin?
|
afib, aflutter
|
|
two antithyroid drugs
|
PTU and methimazole
|
|
most serious side effect of anti-thyroid drugs
|
agranulocytosis
|
|
what drug can cause torsades de pointes?
|
quinine
|
|
how do you treat torsades de pointes?
|
magnesium, overdrive pacing, isoproterenol
|
|
what does PML look like on brain imaging?
|
no mass effect, multiple demyelinating, non-enhancing lesions, involves cortical white matter, brainstem and cerebellum
|
|
common presenting sx in PML?
|
hemiparesis, disturbances in speech, vision, and gait
|
|
prognosis for PML?
|
six months
|
|
what does toxoplasmosis look like on imaging?
|
ring enhancing lesions, multiple, spherical, located in basal ganglia
|
|
what does primary CNS lymphoma look like on imaging?
|
ring enhancing, solitary, weakly enhancing, periventricular
|
|
What virus is associated with primary CNS lymphoma?
|
EBV
|
|
causes of perioperative pulmonary edema?
|
overhydration, MI (rule it out)
|
|
What DOESN'T cause pulmonary edema?
|
PE!
|
|
Bugs in orbital cellulitis?
|
staph, strep pneumo, H. flu
|
|
si/sx of orbital cellulitis
|
proptosis, restriction of eye movement, fever, swollen red eyelids
|
|
how do you tell the difference between cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis?
|
cavernous sinus thrombosis is bilateral, with involvement of cranial nerves 3 and 5, with EARLY vision loss rather than late
|
|
define pseudocyesis
|
fake pregnancy, pt may have all the signs/symptoms but is not pregnant
|
|
quatrad of nephrotic syndrome
|
proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia
|
|
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults
|
kids: minimal change disease
adults: membranous glomerulopathy |
|
why do pts with nephrotic syndrome get hypercoagulable
|
increased urinary loss of antithrombin 3, altered levels of proteins C and S, increased platelet aggregation, hyperfibrinogenemia, impaired fibrinolysis
|
|
why do pts with nephrotic syndrome become anemic
|
they lose transferrin in the urine-->microcytic anemia refractory to iron therapy
|
|
what's the deal with pts using nicotine patches and bupropion?
|
you have to closely monitor their blood pressure
|
|
what causes hereditary angioedema?
|
C1 inhibitor deficiency
|
|
what cancers are assoc with polymyositis/dermatomyositis?
|
breast, ovary, lung, prostate, colon
|
|
how long does it take vitamin K to reverse warfarin?
|
8-12 hours
|
|
what if a pt comes in for INR check, and it's >9?
|
if asymptomatic, stop warfarin and give oral vitamin K
|
|
what if a pt comes in for INR check and it's 5-9?
|
stop warfarin, don't give vitamin K
|
|
what is sympathetic ophthalmia?
|
inflammation of one eye after penetrating injury to the other eye
|
|
most common cause of pneumonia in HIV pts
|
strep pneumo
|
|
first step in infertility workup?
|
semen analysis
|
|
most sensitive test for anterior cruciate ligament tear
|
Lachman test
|
|
what is the unhappy triad of knee injury
|
anterior cruciate, medial colateral, medial meniscus
|
|
when does celiac usually present?
|
12-15 months of age
|
|
management of variable decel?
|
maternal oxygenation, change maternal position to lying on her side, trendelenburg position, amnioinfusion
|
|
what causes variable decels?
|
cord compression
|