Usmle/comlex Step 1 Pharmacology

Front 1

Aripiprizole (Abilify)

Back 1

Drug class: Atypical antipsychotic
MOA: Partial agonist of D2& 5-HT1A receptors. Basically promotes Dopamine release and inhibits reuptake.
Clinical use: Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorders.
Adverse effects: Orthostatic hypotension, constipation
Contraindications: Carbemazepine, phenytoin, fluoxetine, paroxetine, azoles, cimetidine, verapamil, erythromycin, clarithromycin, nefazodone.
Monitor: blood pressure

Front 2

Quinapril (Accupril)

Back 2

Drug class: ACE Inhibitor
MOA: Reduces angiotensin II
Clinical use: Hypertension, Congestive heart failure(CHF)
Adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness,nausea/vomitting(N/V).
Contraindications: Pregnancy Category D,breastfeeding. Avoid salt substitutes or potassium supplements. Lithium, tetracycline, diuretics.
Monitor: Blood pressure (BP), serum potassium

Hint 2

Why monitor K+? Think back to the steps that elevate blood pressure. If you recall (or don't), angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in sodium and fluid reabsorption. This process could increase serum potassium levels, which is why you want to monitor it and avoid K+ supplements.

Front 3

Acetaminophen w/ codeine (Tylenol #3, #4)

Back 3

Drug class: Analgesic, antipyretic
MOA: Codeine crosses the BBB, may affect endorphins
Clinical use: for relief of mild to moderately severe pain.
Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, sedation,N/V.
Contraindications: previous allergic reaction, pregnancy, avoid in patients with head trauma and/or liver/renal disease. Avoid alcohol.
Monitor: may be habit forming, LFTs, RFT's.

Hint 3

LFT = liver function tests
RFT = Renal function tests
BBB= blood brain barrier

Front 4

Rabeprazole (Aciphex)

Back 4

Drug class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
MOA: Blocks production of stomach acid
Clinical use: Stomach and duodenal ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adverse effects: N/V, diarrhea, dizziness.
Contraindications: Warfarin and cyclosporin
Monitor: Patients on ketoconazole and digoxin.

Hint 4

This can also be used with antibiotics to treat H. pylori.

Front 5

Risedronate (Actonel)

Back 5

Drug class: Biphosphonates
MOA: Stops osteoclast resorption
Clinical use: Osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone
Adverse effects: Headache, joint pain, diarrhea, constipation.
Contraindications: Do not take with food, water only! Avoid calcium, magnesium, and iron tablets,antacids, aspirin. Avoid in patients with Vitamin D deficiency, renal disease and GERD.
Monitor: Renal

Hint 5

Food interaction: Calcium and other minerals reduces the absorption of Actonel, making it less effective.

Front 6

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Back 6

Drug Class:thiazolidinedione
MOA: Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat
Clinical use: Type 2 diabetes
Adverse effects:URTIs, edema, hypoglycemia
Contraindications: oral contraceptives and azoles
Monitor: LFTs

Hint 6

URTIs = upper respirator tract infections
Key phrase for this drug: "Insulin sensitizer"

Front 7

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Back 7

Drug class: antiviral
MOA: prevents viral replication
Clinical use: HSv-1&2, EBV, VZV
Adverse effects: N/V, diarrhea, rash.
Contraindications: Patients w/ renal disease
Monitor: Unless you have renal problems, you have to monitor your sexual habits.

Hint 7

Mostly used for genital herpes. Patients can become resisitant. Cover your flesh-rocket, boys.

Front 8

Amphetamines (Adderall XR)

Back 8

Drug Class: Amphetamine
MOA: blocks presynaptic uptake of NE and DA
Clinical use: mostly ADHD, sometimes narcolepsy
Adverse effects: anorexia, insomnia, dry mouth, weightloss.
Contraindications: MAOIs, avoid in patients with hypertension or any heart conditions, glaucoma, thyroid problems, emotional instability, mental illness, or a known allergy to this type of medication
Monitor: May be habit forming

Hint 8

MAOI = Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
NE= Norepinephrine
DA= Dopamine

Front 9

Fluticasone,Salmeterol (Advair diskus)

Back 9

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 10

Albuterol (Ventolin,Proventil)

Back 10

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 11

Alberuterol sulfate (Salbutemol)

Back 11

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 12

Fexofenadine (Allegra and Allegra-D 12 hour)

Back 12

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 13

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

Back 13

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use: Gout
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 14

Brimonidine (Alphagan-P)

Back 14

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 15

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Back 15

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 16

Ramipril (Altace)

Back 16

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 17

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Back 17

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 18

Zoldipem (Ambien)

Back 18

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
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Monitor:

Front 19

Amiodarone HCL (Cordarone)

Back 19

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 20

Amitryptaline HCL (Elavil)

Back 20

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 21

Amoxicillin(Amoxil)

Back 21

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 22

Desogestrel/Ethinyl estradiol (Apri)

Back 22

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 23

Donepezil (Aricept)

Back 23

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 24

Levothyroxine (T4)and Liothyronine (T3) (Amour Thyroid)

Back 24

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 25

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)

Back 25

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 26

Azelastine (Astelin)

Back 26

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 27

Candesartan (Atacand)

Back 27

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 28

Atenolol (Tenorimin) + Atenolol w/ chlorthiadone (Tenoretic)

Back 28

Drug Class: Beta blocker
MOA:
Clinical use: hypertension, angina.
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 29

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Augmentin ES-600)

Back 29

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 30

Irbesartan-hydrochlorothiazide (Avalide)

Back 30

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 31

Rosiglitazone maleate and metformin (Avandamet)

Back 31

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 32

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Back 32

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 33

Irbesartan (Avapro)

Back 33

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 34

Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

Back 34

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 35

Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol (Aviane)

Back 35

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 36

Baclofen (Lioresal,Kemstro)

Back 36

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 37

Mupirocin (Bactroban)

Back 37

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 38

Benazepril HCL (Lotensin)

Back 38

Drug Class: ACE inhitibor
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 39

Olmesartan (Benicar) Tablet form (Benicar HCT)

Back 39

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 40

Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)

Back 40

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 41

Benztropine mesylate (Congentin) - injection form

Back 41

Drug Class: Antiparkinsonian agent
MOA:
Clinical use: Parkinson's
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 42

Valdecoxib (Bextra)

Back 42

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 43

Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

Back 43

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 44

Bisoprolol fumerate/HCTZ (Zebeta)

Back 44

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use: Hypertension
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 45

Budeprion SR (Wellbutrin oral tablets)

Back 45

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
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Monitor:

Front 46

Buproprion HCL (Wellbutrin)

Back 46

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 47

Buspirone HCL (BuSpar)

Back 47

Drug Class: Antianxiety
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 48

Butalbital w/APAP/Caffeine(Fioricet)

Back 48

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 49

Captoten (Captopril)

Back 49

Drug Class:
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor:

Front 50

Carbemazepine (Tegretol)

Back 50

Drug Class: Anticonvulsants
MOA:
Clinical use:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Monitor: