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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which part of the small intestine are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?
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Ileum
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In general B-complex deficiencies result in these three findings:
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Dermatitis
Glossitis Diarrhea |
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Name the vitamin that leads to this deficiency:
Night blindness, dry skin |
Vitamin A
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This form of vitamin A is used for wrinkles and acne:
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Retin-A
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This vitamin is important for fighting measles infection:
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Vitamin A
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Signs of Vitamin A excess:
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Athralgias, Fatigue, HA, Skin changes, sore throat, alopecia
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Beriberi and Wernicke-korsakoff is associated with this deficiency:
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vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
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Thiamine is used as a cofactor in two places. Name them:
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Decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids (pyruvate, alpha-ketogluterate)
Cofactor for transketolase in the HMP shunt |
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Thiamine is specifically used in which step of the TCA cycle
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Transformation of alpha-keto gluterate to succinyl CoA.
Note that this step also requires lipoic acid, CoA, FAD, and NAD Furthermore, note that it is because of this reaction you must give thiamine before administering glucose |
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Signs of DRY beri beri:
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Polyneruritis, Muscle wasting
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Manifestations of Vitamin B2 deficiency:
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Angular stomatitis
Chelosis Corneal vascularization (may see photophoba) |
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Biological role of B2
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Cofactor in oxidation and reduction
Think FAD and FMN |
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What is another name for B2
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Riboflavin
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Two metabolic diseases associated with Niacin deficiency:
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Hartnups (impaired transport of tryptophan in intestine)
Blue diaper syndrome (impaired transport of tryptophan in kidney) |
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Pallagra is assocated with this vitamin deficiency:
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B3
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This vitamin is good friends with niacin:
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Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Niacin is derived from tryptophan using vitamin B6 as a cofactor in the conversion |
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3-Ds of pallagra:
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Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia
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Smptoms of B5 deficiency:
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Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
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What is another name for Vitamin B5?
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Pantothenate
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Which vitamin is a co-factor for CoA and fatty acid synthase?
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B5
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Describe the changes you would see on a blood smear of someone who is B12 deficient:
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Hypersegmented neurophils, increased MCV
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Symptoms of B6 deficiency:
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Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy
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Which vitamin is used in transamination reactions:
What are these reactions used for? |
B6
Used for decarboxylation and heme synthesis |
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Test for thiamine defiency:
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Erythrocyte transketolase
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Besides macrocytic megaloblastic anemia, what other symptoms do you see with b12 deficiency?
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Neurological symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia), glossitis
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Which vitamin is a cofactor for homocysteine methylation?
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B12
Homocysteine + N-metTHF -> Methionine + THF & Methylmalonyl-Coa->Succinyl Coa |
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When you see a patient presenting with nail problems and dysphagia, what is the deficiency?
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Iron
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Which are alcoholics more likely to get: B12 deficiency or folic acid?
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Folic acid
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How can you tell B12 and folic acid deficiency apart based on their clinical presentations?
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B12 deficiency shows neural problems (and glossitis) while folic acid has no neural problems
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Which deficiency is associated with antibiotic use and ingestion of raw eggs?
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Biotin
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In general, biotin is associated with carboxylation reactions... Name 3 of them
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Pyruvate to oxaloacetate
Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA to methymalonyl-CoA |
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Which vitamin facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in the reduced state?
(Hint-it's also a cofactor in the conversion of Dopamine to norepinephrine) |
Vitamin C
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Which form is consumed in milk?
Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol |
Ergocalciferol
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Which of the following is formed in sun-exposed skin?
Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol |
Cholecalciferol
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Would sarcoidosis cause too little or too much vitamin D?
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Too much vitamin D… in Sarcoidosis, macrophages convert vitamin D into its active form
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Which fat-soluble vitamin is important for erythrocytes?
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Vitamin E
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Which disease does Vitamin E deficiency most resemble?
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Fredrich's Ataxia
(Demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tract, and spinocerebellar tract. |
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Describe what bleeding time, PT, and PTT would be in a neonate who is vitamin K deficient:
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Normal bleeding time, increase PT and PTT
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Although it's not a vitamin per se, what amino acid becomes essential in someone with PKU?
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Tyrosine
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Cofactor needed for cystathionine synthase:
(It's the enzyme that turns homocysteine into cystathionine) |
B6
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