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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
action of finasteride?
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inhibits 5 alpha reductase; enzyme that converts testosterone -> dihydrotestosterone
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when pushing a piano across the floor, what transfers force from radius to ulna?
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interosseous membrane
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what structure allows enteric gram negative bacteria to be more resistant to penicillin G than gram positive bacteria?
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outer membrane
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in a woman, what will happen when 17-beta-estradiol peaks in the absence of progesterone?
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the estrogen peak will cause an LH surge and lead to ovulation
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what type of receptors are commonly used by peptide hormones that regulate growth, differentiation and development?
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tyrosine kinase receptors
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what brain structure is damaged in intention tremor, or tremor when attempting purposeful movement?
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cerebellum (ipsilateral side)
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in an elderly person, what muscle should be strengthened to try and avoid urinary incontinence?
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urogenital diaphragm
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what is the mean pO2 of fetal oxygenated blood?
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~ 30 mmHg
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what is parathion?
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an organophosphate ACholinesterase inhibitor
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what is a urachal cyst?
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a cyst formed in the connection between the umbilicus and the apex of the bladder
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what is cycloplegia?
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paralysis of the ciliary muscle, so that the lens can't change focus for different distances
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name a drug that would cause mydriasis without producing cycloplegia. what is the mxn?
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phenylephrine, an alpha1 agonist
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anti-microsomal antibodies in the thyroid. disease?
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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what happens to reaction velocities when the enzyme concentration is halved?
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the velocities are halved along the curve
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what virus can cause severe pulmonary and hepatic dysfunction in an immune-compromised individual?
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CMV
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duodenal atresia of the fetus leads to polyhydramnios or oligohydroamnios?
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polyhydramnios - can't swallow amniotic fluid
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where are the characteristic hemorrhagic lesions in Korsakoff's syndrome?
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lesions: mammillary bodies, dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, periventricular regions from 3rd to 4th ventricle
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damage to what part of the brain leads to problems with primary (immediate) memory?
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mammillary glands
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kids are vulnerable to what kidney disease following a viral upper respiratory infection?
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minimal change disease
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what 2 organs are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?
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thymus: ventral part
inferior parathyroids: dorsal part |
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what are the calorie contents of carbs, proteins and fats?
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carbs and proteins: 4 kcal/gram
fats: 9 kcal/gram |
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what enzyme deficiency is the most likely cause of hereditary hyperammonemia?
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carbamoyl phophate synthetase I
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the subscapular artery forms an anastomosis with branches of what other artery?
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subclavian
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what is damaged in ARDS? what are the sequelae?
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diffuse injury to alveolar capillaries
leakage of fluid and proteins into the interstitium or alveoli to produce severe pulmonary edema -> thick hyaline membranes are formed from edema fluid and cellular debris |
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what bugs can be identified with clumping of latex beads coated with antibody and fibrinogen?
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gram-positive cocci
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what protein on staphylococci binds IgG?
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protein A
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what secretes mullerian inhibitory substance in males to cause regression of mullerian ducts?
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Sertoli cells
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what do you call the acute, reversible disorder affecting orientation, perception, cognition and reality testing?
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delirium
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name a group of muscles involved in vocalization that could be paralyzed with damage to the vagus nerve.
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cricoarytenoid
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artificial sweetener aspartame is a dipeptide of what 2 aa's?
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phenylalanine and aspartate
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the median nerve lies between what 2 structures in the wrist?
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flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficiale
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what enzyme is deficient when the liver stores too much glycogen with normal structure?
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glucose-6-phosphatase
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what does glucose-6-phosphatase do in the liver?
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removes phosphate group from glucose
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why are loading doses of medications administered?
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because a drug can bind heavily to plasma proteins, making less available
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how does cocaine act on neurons?
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blocks monoamine reuptake (NE, dopamine, serotonin)
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what 2 muscles control pupil diameter and how are they innervated?
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radial dilator muscle: contracts (mydriasis) with alpha-receptor stimulation
pupillary sphincter muscle: constricts (myosis) with muscarinic (ACh) stimulation |
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how does the drug tyramine work?
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indirect-acting sympathomimetic: taken up by sympathetic nerve terminals and pushes NE into synapse
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what type of fluids are needed to increase BP in a volume-depleted patient?
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remains in ECF compartment and have tonicity similar to plasma
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how many liters of fluid must be added to the ECF to replace 1 liter of plasma fluid?
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3 liters (2 go to interstitial space, 1 to plasma)
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granulomatous colitis is another term for what disorder?
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Crohn's disease
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an elderly person with history of diverticulosis has increased risk for what complication?
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GI hemorrhage
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an elderly patient presents with symptoms resembling "appendicitis on the left", tenderness to palpation, fever and leukocytosis. diagnosis?
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diverticulitis
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a young girl hasn't eaten for 2 days. what source of fuel are her muscles now using?
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serum fatty acids
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how do amphetamines work?
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enter nerve terminals and displace NE
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in what layers do you find the blood vessels that supply the skin?
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deep and superficial layers of the dermis
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which blood vessels in the skin are oriented horizontally?
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those of the deep dermis
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