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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Branchial Arch 1 Adult Derivatives:
(a) nerve innervation (b) Mesoderm (not incl BV) (c) Neural crest |
(a) CN V2 and CN V3
(b) Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids); mylohyoid; anterior belly of digastric; tensor tympani; tensor veli palatini; anterior 2/3 of tongue (c)Meckel's cartilage: maxilla, zygomatic bone, aquamous portion of temporal bone, palatine bone, vomer, mandible, incus, malleus, sphenomandibular ligament |
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Treacher Collins Syndrome
(a) cause (b) result |
(a) Failure of 1st arch neural crest cells to migrate
(b) mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities |
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Branchial arch 2 adult derivatives:
(a) Nerve innervation (b) Mesoderm (not incl BV) (c) Neural crest |
(a) CNVII
(b) Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric (c) Reichert's cartilage: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament |
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Branchial arch 3 adult derivatives:
(a) nerve innervation (b) Mesoderm (not incl BV) (c) Neural crest |
(a) CNIX
(b) Stylopharyngeus (c) greater horn of hyoid |
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Branchial arch 4
(a) nerve innervation (b) Mesoderm (not incl BV) (c) Neural crest |
(a) CNX (superior laryngeal branch)
(b) Pharyngeal constrictors (except stylopharyngeus), cricothyroid, levator veli palatini (c) none |
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Branchial arch 6 adult derivatives:
(a) nerve innervation (b) Mesoderm (not BV's) (c) Neural crest |
(a) CNX recurrent laryngeal branch
(b) All intrinsiv muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid), upper muscle of esophagus, laryngeal cartilage (c) none |
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Branchial pouch derivatives:
Pouch 1 Pouch 2 Pouch 3 Pouch 4 |
Pouch 1: Epithelial lining of eustachean tube, middle ear cavity, and mastoid air cells
Pouch 2: Epithelial lining of palatine tonsil Pouch 3: Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus Pouch 4: superior parathyroids |
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DiGeorge's Syndrome: cause, effect, association
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Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th pouches. Leads to thymic aplasia and T cell deficiency; also hypocalcemia due to failure of parathyroid glands to develop. Assoc w/facial anomalies and CV anomalies (abnormal neural crest cell migration).
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Branchial groove derivatives
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1 becomes the external auditory meatus (the rest are obliterated)
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Branchial membrane derivatives
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1 becomes the tympanic membrane but the rest are obliterated
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Tongue development
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1st branchial arch forms anterior 2/3 (sensation from V3 and taste via CNVII)
3rd and 4th form posterior 1/3 (sensation and taste mainly via CNIX, extreme posterior CNX) Motor innervation is CNXII |
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Cause of:
(1) Cleft lip (2) Cleft palate (anterior and posterior) |
(1) failure of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse (formation of primary palate)
(2) Anterior: palatine shelves fail to fuse with primary palate Posterior: palatine shelves fail to fuse with each other and with nasal septum NOTE: anteroposterior is combo of both. |
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Pharyngeal fistula: cause, effect, location.
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Pouch 2 and groove 2 persist forming opening from internal tonsillar area to external neck and usually found along anterior border of the SCM muscle.
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Pharyngeal cyst: cause, effect, location
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Parts of pharyngeal groove persist usually found at angle of mandible
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General location of ectopic thymus, parathyroid, and thyroid
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Ectopic thymus/parathyroids: usually found laterally
Ectopic thyroid usually found in midline |
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Thyroglossal duct cyst and lingual thyroid/cyst location
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Most commonly located at midlin near hyoid. Lingual thyroid is at the base of tongue.
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Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Cause, clinical appearance |
Due to lack of iodine, thyroid agenesis, or mutations in biosynth of thyroid hormone. Causes impaired growth and mental retardation. Flat brought nose, side set eyes, periorbital puffiness, and large protuberant tongue.
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