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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
RNA Virus Families
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1. Picornaviridae
2. Coronoviridae 3. Caliciviridae 4. Togaviridae 5. Flaviviridae 6. Paramyxoviridae 7. Orthomyxoviridae |
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Picornaviridae Family Viruses
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(Enteroviruses)
1. Polioviruses 2. Coxsackie A16 3. Coxsackie B 4. Echoviruses 5. Rhinoviruses 6. Hepatitis A |
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Picornaviridae Family Viruses: Structure
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Naked, linear, + ssRNA
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Picornaviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir
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Fecal/oral transmission
Exception; Rhinovirus - self-inoculation of nose/throat |
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Polioviruses: Clinical Presentation
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1. Lyses anterior horn's motor neurons, leading to flaccid paralysis and aseptic mengingitis.
2. Can develop postpoliosyndrome (muscle atrophy) |
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Coxsackie A16: Clinical Presentation
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1. Hand/foot/mouth disease = vesicles on hand feet and mouth
2. Herpangina (mouth sores) 3. Aseptic meningitis; |
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Coxsackie B: Clinical Presentation
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1. Aseptic meningitis
2. Myocarditis 3. Intense intercostal pain with fever (AKA; Bornholm disease, pleurodynia, or Devil's grip) |
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Echoviruses: Clinial Presentation
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Fever of unknown origin, non specific rashes
(LOW YIELD) |
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Rhinoviruses: Clinical Presentation
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Causes the common cold, over 100 serotypes; acid labile
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Hepatitis A: Clinical Presentation
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Infectious hepatitis
Anti-HAV-IgG indicates prior infection |
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Coronovirus: Structure
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Enveloped; +ssRNA
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Coronovirus: Transmission/Reservoir
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Respiratory droplets
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Coronovirus: Clinical Presentation
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1. Implicated in infant gastroenteritis
2. SARS - fever, flu like illness, dry cough, dyspnea, progressive hypoxia |
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Caliciviridae Family Viruses
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Norwalk
Hepatitis E |
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Caliciviridae Family Viruses: Structure
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Naked, linear, + ssRNA
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Caliciviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir
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Fecal/oral
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Norovirus: Clinical Presentation
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Adult gastroenteritis and watery diarrhea
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Norovirus: Distinguishing Features
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1. Cruise ship = norwalk
2. If you CAN walk, its norovirus - if you can't (meaning infants) they tend to get rotavirius |
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Hepatitis E: Clinical Symptoms
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Enteric hepatitis, self-limiting
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Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Structure
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Enveloped, linear, + ssRNA
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Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Transmission
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Respiratory droplets
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Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Clinical Presentation
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1. Maculopapular rash that begins at the forehead and works it way down the body
2. Can cause cataracts and deafness in neonates |
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Flaviviridae Family Viruses
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1. West Nile Virus (WNV)
2. Dengue Virus 3. Yellow Fever Virus 4. Hepatitis C |
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Flaviviridae: Structure
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Enveloped, +ssRNA, arboviruses
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Flaviviridae: Transmission/Reservoir
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Mosquito
(Except Hepatitis C - sexual transmission) |
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West Nile Virus: Clinical Presentation
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Encephalitis virus; rash fever nausea vomiting
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Dengue Virus: Clinical Presentation
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1. Encephalitis virus; more hemmoragic
2. Break bone fever (severe joint pain) 3. Reinfection of DV leads to more severe disease due to immune response, the antibodies facilitate the entry, and accl. the infection 4. In children this leads to shock and death |
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Yellow Fever Virus: Clinical Presentation
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1. Causes jaundice (yellow fever's name);
2. Targets kidney/heart and GI 3. Black vomit due to hemmoragic virus 4. A vaccine DOES exist |
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Hepatitis C: Clinical Presentation
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Jaundice, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
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Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses
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1. Measles
2. Mumps 3. Parainfluenza 4. Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV) |
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Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Structure
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Enveloped, -ssRNA
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Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir
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Respiratory
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Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Shared Features
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Giant multinucleated cells
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Measles: Clinical Features
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Similar to Rubella
1. 3 C's and a P= Cough, coryza (inflammation of the mucosal membranes of the nose), conjuntivitis, and P for photobia 2. Koplik Spots = maculopapular rash (little grains of sand surrounded by erythema/red based, blue-white centered oral lesions); from the ears down 3. Then, neurological symptoms = behavior changes, mood changes (years later, and it's rare) |
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Mumps: Clinical Features
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1. Lytic infection
2. Bilateral parotitis (swelling of the two parotid glands) 3. When a male infected, it can cause orchitis -> sterility in males. HIGH YIELD FACT |
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Parainfluenza: Clinical Features
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Self-limiting and mild
1. Croup (seal like barking) 2. Bronchiolitis 3. Pneumonia |
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Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV): Clinical Features
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1. Bronchiolitis
2. Pneumonia - viral pneumonia in a preemie, for eg., think first RSV |
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Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Structure
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Enveloped, helical, segmented, -ssRNA
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Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Transmission/Reservoir
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Direct contact/respiratory droplets
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Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Clinical Presentation
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Causes the flu
-Infects humans and animals |
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Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Pathogenesis
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- Neuroaminidase (NA)-liquefies the mucus for motilityl
- Hemagluttinin (HA)-binds to sailyic acid and allows it to enter the cell - HA/NA both used to serotype the virus (H5N1 (avian influenza)) |
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Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Genetics
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Antigenic drift - can happen with ANY RNA viruses
-RNA poly has NO proofreading, so mistakes aren't corrected -leads to subtle changes to the antigencity of HA/NA -responsible for epidemics Vaccinated people can get the flu -can only happen with a co-infection with TWO different strains of influenza A (not A and B) |
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Hepatitis D; Stuff to know
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-ssRNA, circular and enveloped, unassigned (no family)
- Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection). - Both superinfection and coinfection with HDV results in more severe complications compared to infection with HBV alone. - These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased chance of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest mortality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. |