Usmle: Renal: Glomerulonephritis

Front 1

Name all the nephritic syndromes

Back 1

1. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
2. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic)
3. Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
4. Berger's Disease
5. Alport's Syndrome (also has ESRD and hearing loss b/c of poorly formed basement membranes)

Front 2

Name all the nephrotic syndromes

Back 2

1. Membranous glomerulonephritis
2. Minimal Change disease
3. Amyloidosis
4. Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
5. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
6. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 3

What does is mean when a glomerulo disease ends in "itis"

Back 3

immune COMPLEX disease (Type III hypersensitivity)

Front 4

Define nephritic syndrome

Back 4

1. hematuria
2. RBC casts in urine
3. proteinuria < 3.5g/day

(also azotemia, oliguria, and HTN)

Front 5

Define nephrotic syndrome

Back 5

1. Proteinuria > 3.5g/day
2. Lipid casts/hyperlipidemia/"frothy" urine
3. edema

Front 6

Findings and cause (if known) for Acute Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Back 6

Sx: Kids, periorbital edema, resolves spontaneously
LM: "lumpy bumpy", sub-epithelial humps
IF: granular

Cause: after strep infection

Front 7

Findings and cause (if known) for Rapidly Progressive glomerulonephritis

Back 7

Sx: Usually male, lung also involved
LM: crescent moon shape
IF: linear (Goodpastures, Type II hypersensitivity is the most common cause) *this breaks goljan's "itis" rule

Cause can also be Wegener's (c-ANCA) or Microscopic polyarteritis (p-ANCA)

Front 8

Findings and cause (if known) for Diffuse Proliferative glomerulonephritis

Back 8

Sx: #1 death in SLE (could also present as nephrotic)
LM: "wire looping"
IF: granular

Cause: SLE

Front 9

Findings and cause (if known) for Berger's Disease

Back 9

Sx: aka "IgA Glomerulopathy", follows Upper Resp. Infection!
LM: Immune complexes in mesangium

Front 10

Findings and cause (if known) for Alport's Syndrome

Back 10

Sx: Nerve disorder, sight and hearing problems
LM: split basement membrane

Front 11

Findings and cause (if known) for membranous glomerulonephritis

Back 11

Sx: #1 adult glomerulonephropathy (also SLE when it presents as nephrotic)
LM: spike and dome, thickend GBM
IF: granular

Cause: various DRUGS, infections, or SLE

Front 12

Findings and cause (if known) for minimum change disease

Back 12

Sx: #1 kid nephrotic syndrome, presents after illness, tx with steroids

LM: normal
IF: normal
EM: fused podocytes

Cause: various DRUGS, infections, or SLE

Front 13

Findings and cause (if known) for amyloidosis

Back 13

Sx: Assc with mult myeloma, chronic conditions, TB, RA
LM: condo red stain, apple-green birefringence

Front 14

Findings and cause (if known) for diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Back 14

Sx: diabetic sx's
LM: Kimmelstiel-Wilson "wire loop" lesions

Cause: Non-enzymatic glycosylation of GBM causes increased GFR and mesangial damage

Front 15

Findings and cause (if known) for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Back 15

Sx: HIV!!!
LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

Cause: HIV...bad prognosis

Front 16

Findings and cause (if known) for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Back 16

Sx's: HBV assc!!! (could also be HCV), progresses to CRF
LM: Sub-endothelial immune complexes
IF: Granular
EM: "Tram-track appearence"