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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regular insulin
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Short-acting insulin
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Insulin lispro
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Rapid-acting insulin
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Insulin aspart
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Rapid-acting insulin
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Insulin glulisine
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Rapid-acting insulin
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NPH (Neutral protamine Hagedorn)
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Intermediate acting insulin
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Insulin glargine
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Long-acting insulin
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Insulin detemir
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Long-acting insulin; contains fatty acid side chain
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Pramlintide
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Synthetic amylin analog
Delays gastric emptying, delays post-prandial glucagon secretion, improves satiety |
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Tolbutamide
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1st generation sulfonylurea
Stimulates insulin release by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in depolarization and Ca2+ influx Produces a reduction in hepatic glucose production Produces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity |
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Glyburide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
Stimulates insulin release by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in depolarization and Ca2+ influx Produces a reduction in hepatic glucose production Produces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity |
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Glipizide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
Stimulates insulin release by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in depolarization and Ca2+ influx Produces a reduction in hepatic glucose production Produces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity |
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Glimepiride
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
Stimulates insulin release by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in depolarization and Ca2+ influx Produces a reduction in hepatic glucose production Produces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity |
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Repaglinide
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Meglitinide analogs
Bind to ATP-sensitive K+ channels and leads to insulin release More rapid onset and shorter duration of action than sulfonylureas |
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Nateglinide
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Meglitinide analogs
Bind to ATP-sensitive K+ channels and leads to insulin release More rapid onset and shorter duration of action than sulfonylureas |
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Metformin
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Biguanide
Reduces hepatic glucose output via inhibition of gluconeogenesis Slows intestinal glucose absorption and improves peripheral glucose uptake Reduces LDL, VLDL, increases HDL |
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Pioglitazone
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Works through PPARγ to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity
Decreases adipose fatty acid secretion and glucose metabolism Increased HDL, redistribution of fat from visceral to subcutaneous tissue |
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Rosiglitazone
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Works through PPARγ to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity
Decreases adipose fatty acid secretion and glucose metabolism Increased HDL, redistribution of fat from visceral to subcutaneous tissue |
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Acarbose
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Reversibly inhibit membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase in the gut
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Miglitol
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Reversibly inhibit membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase in the gut
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Sitagliptin
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Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor
DPP-IV inactivates incretin hormones Prolongs activity of incretin hormones like GLP-1 |
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Exenatide
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Incretin mimetic with 50% homology to GLP-1
Increases insulin release, slows gastric emptying time, decreases food intake, promotes β-cell proliferation |
