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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lactose formers
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“CEEK”
Citrobacter Enterobacter E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) Klebsiella |
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Non lactose formers
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“SHYPS”
Shigella Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) Proteus Salmonella |
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May lack color
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“These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
Treponema Ricksetta Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia |
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cAMP
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“CAPE”
Cholera Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) Pertusis (via Gi) E.coli (LT enterotoxin) |
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Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
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“Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
Strep. Pneumoniae Klebsiella HiB Pseudamona Aeroginosa Neisseria meningitis Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen) |
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Dimorphic Fungi
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“Can Also Have Both Shapes”
Cocciodes Aspergillus Histolpasma Blastomyces Sprothrix schenkii |
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Have b Prophage
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“OBED”
O = Salmonella B = Botulinum E = Erythrogenic strep D = Diptheria |
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Spore Forming Bacteria
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Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
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IgA Proteases
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Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
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Widal Test
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Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags
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Wayson’s Stain
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Yersinia
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Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
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Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
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Splenectomy
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Predisposes to septicemia
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Invasins
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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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Fusiform
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Vincent’s trench mouth
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S. viridans
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Dextran mediated adherence
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Obligate Aerobes
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Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
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Obligate Anaerobes
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Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
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Staph aureus
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A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
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Spirochetes
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Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
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Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
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Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
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Acid Fast Organisms
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Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
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Pigment Producing Bacteria
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Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme) E. coli – irredescent green sheen |
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Bacterial Morphology
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Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod) Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain |
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Inclusion Bodies
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Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear |
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Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
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Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
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Schistosoma Haematolium
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Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
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Non Human Schistosom
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Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
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Clonorchichis
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Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Hepatica
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Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Biski
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Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Paragonimus Westermani
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Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Oxidase (+)
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Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
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Micro Aerophilic
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Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
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Urease (+)
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All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine
Ureaplasma Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) Cryptococcus Nocardia |
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Coagulase (+)
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Staph A & Yersenia pestis
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Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
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Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
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Protozoa
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Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
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Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
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Haemophilus Factors
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X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
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All cocci are
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Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
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“Eaton Fried Eggs”
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
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Mycoplasma
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No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.
P1 protein inhs ciliary action Fried egg colonies Atypical pneumonia – young adults |
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Sabrands
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Fungal media
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Malassazia furfur
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Spaghetti & meat ball
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Measles’ 3C’s
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Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia
May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis |
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Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
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B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
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Bloody diarrhea agents
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EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni
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YW-135CA
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N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
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Indian Ink
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Naegleria causes
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Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
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Need Cysyeine for growth
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“Ella likes cysteine”:
Francisella Brucella Legionella Pasturella |
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Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
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Gram (-): N. meningitidis
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Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
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Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
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Endospores G(+)
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Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
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Multi Brain Abscess
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Nocardia
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Single Brain Abscess
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Actinomyces israelli
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risk for Strep pneum Infection
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Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
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a Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
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Strep. Pneumoniae
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a Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
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Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
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Staph. Epidermidis
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Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
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b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
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Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A |
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b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
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Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
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EFII Ribosylation
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Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
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Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins
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Protective Antigen (PA)
Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages Edema Factor = Increases cAMP |
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Woolsorter’s Disease
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Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
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Grows in Rice
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Bacillus Cereus
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Clostridium Perfringens
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Double Zone b Hemolysis (test)
Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases |
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Clostridium Difficile
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2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin) |
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Spastic Paralysis toxin
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Clostridium Tetani toxin
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Clostridium Botulinum
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Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
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Infant Botulinum
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Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
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Thayer Martin Agar
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Neisseria ID
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DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
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Ceftriazone
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K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
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Related w/ neonateal meningitis
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The A’s of Klebsiella
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Alcoholics
Aspiration pneumonia Abscesses in the lungs |
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Rice H2O Diarrhea
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Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
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Raw seafood intoxicaiton
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Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Helicobacter Txt
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Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
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risk of P. aeroginosa infection
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Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
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Contact lens’ infection
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Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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Cat Bites
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Pasteurella multocida
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Undulant Fever
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Brucella
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Bordet Gengou Agar
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Bordetella pertusis ID
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Lowenstein-Jensen medium
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M. tuberculosis ID
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Cat Scratch Disease
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Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Toxoplasmosis |
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Pink Eye
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Adenovirus (type 8)
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True Hemaphrodite
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Testes & Ovaries are present
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Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
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Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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Testicular Feminization
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HLA Genes Location
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6p
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Parvovirus B19
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Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
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Interferon MOA
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Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
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Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
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Parainfluenza Causes…
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Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
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Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
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RSV
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Bronchiolitis in infants
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Removed tonsils, find what virus
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In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
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Bone Fever
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Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
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HbsAg
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Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness |
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HbeAg
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Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
Disappears before HbsAg is gone |
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Anti-Hbc
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Present in beginning of clinical illness
Seen in the “window phase” |
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Filamentous Bacteria
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Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
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Listeria contaminates
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Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
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Shiga like Toxin
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E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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Group A Streptococci
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Relapsing Fever
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Borrelia recurrentis
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Loffler’s Medium
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Corneybacterium diphtheriae
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Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle
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Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions Cell wall lacks muramic acid |
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Trench Fever
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Rochalimaea quintana
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“Spotted Fever” Members
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Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S.
R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia) |
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Thrush Txt
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Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
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Rose Bush Thorns
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Have Sporothrix schenckii
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Contact lens solution infection
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Acanthamoeba
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Filiariasis Causant
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Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
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Freshwater lake infection
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Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
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Reduviid bug bite
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Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign
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Schistosoma Haematobium causes
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Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
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Schistosoma Mansoni causes
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Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
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Snail, intermediate host of…
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Schistosomiasis
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Ixodes scapularis transmits
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Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
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Nantucket Protozoa
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Babesia microt
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Infection by Reduviid Bug
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Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
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Infection by TseTse Fly
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Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
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Infection by Sandfly
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Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
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Infection by Ixodes Tick
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Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
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Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
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Malaria
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Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance
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Giardia lamblia
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Nonseptate Hyphae
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Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
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Histoplasmosis Geography
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Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
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Coocidioidomycosis Geography
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Southwestern deserts, California
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Blastomycosis Geography
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States east of Mississippi River
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Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
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Latin America
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Roseola Infection, aka
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Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
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Herpangina
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“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
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Orthomyxovirus
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–ssRNA, enveloped virus.
Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation Influenza A & B |
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Paramyxovirus
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–RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
Mumps Croup(Parainfluenza virus) Rubeola(Measles virus) RSV |
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Togavirus
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+ssRNA, enveloped
3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis |
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Flaviviris
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Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
Yellow fever St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage |
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Bunyavirus
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–ssRNA, enveloped
California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome |
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IgA Protease Activity
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H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)
Strep. Pneumoniae N. meningitidis N. gonnorhoae W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa. |
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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Adenopathy
b Prophage encodes the exotoxin Corneybacteria is Club shaped Diphtheria Elongation Factor II Granules (metachromatic) |
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Only ssDNA
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Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”
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Only dsRNA
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Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”
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Naked RNA
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“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
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2 circular DNAs
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Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
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BK
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Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
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Hepadna, Retrovirus?
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No, but has reverse transcriptase
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Picornovirus: “PERCH”
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Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
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Hemorrhagic Fevers
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221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
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