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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the possible side effects of glucocorticoid use?
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cushing-like syn; immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, htn, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
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what are the pirnciple signs and symtoms of Lesch-Nyhan syn? What enzyme is defective in this syn and what is its biochemical role?
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retardation, self-mutilation, aggression, hyperuricemia, gout, choreoathetosis
defective purine salvage owing to absence of HGPRT which converts hypoxanthine to IMP and guanine to GMP resulting in excess uric acid prod. |
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describe how HF, liver failure, infetions and toxis and lymphatic blockage would affect the Starling forces of fluid movement through capillaries.
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Edema - excess fluid outflow into interstitium commonly caused by:
up cap pressure (heart failure) down plasma proteins (nephrotic syn and liver failure) up cap permeability (toxins, infections and burns) up interstitial fluid colloid osm pressure (lymphatic blockage) |
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What cardiac defects are seen in Tetralogy of Fallot? the cause?
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Pulmonary stenosis (det'm prognosis)
RVH Overriding aorta VSD caused by antersuperior displacemetn of the infundibular septum |
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most common malignancy in children?
most common solid tumor location in children? 2 most common brain tumors in children most common supratentorial brain tumor in children? |
malignancy: ALL
solid tumor: brian tumor 2 most common brain tumors: astrocytoma and medulloblastoma supratentorial brain tumor: carniopharyngioma |
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most common extracranial solid tumor in children?
most common malignant bone tumor in children? most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children? most common renal tumor in children? most common primary cardiac tumor in kids? |
extracranial solid tumor: neuroblastoma
malignant bone tumor: osteosarcoma adrenal medulla tumor: neuroblastoma renal tumor: Wilm's primary cardiac: rhabdomyoma |
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M.O.A of Ianosoprazole? other drug that works the same?
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Irreversibly inhibits H/K-ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Omeprazole |
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what test is used to confirm the dx of hereditary spherocytosis? findings assoc?
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Coombs neg. Osmotic fragility test used to confirm
findings: RBCs are small and round with no central pallor-> less membrane --> up MCHC, up RDW. Howell-Jolly bodies present after splenectomy. |
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what embryologic structure gives rise to external auditory meatus?
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1st cleft
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptives use in females
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advantage: reliable, down risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, down incidence of ectopic preg, down pelvic inflammation, regulation of menses
disadv: taken daily, no protection against STDs, up triglycerides, depression, wt gain, nausea, htn, hypercoag state |
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what is the basic difference between endometriosis and endometrial hyperplasia? How does the clinical presentation of each differ?
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endometriosis: non-neoplastic endometrial glands/stoma in abn locations outside the uterus. cyclic bleeding form ectopic endometrial tissue resulting in blood filled chocolate cysts.
endometrial hyperplasia: abn endometrial gland prolif usually caused by excess estrogen stimulation. |
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what stages in the viral ife cycle is inhibited my amantadine?
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blocks viral penetration/uncoating (M2 protein)
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what structures give rise to BBB?
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tight jcts between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane and astrocyte processes.
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3 K-sparing diuretics? M.O.A? side effects?
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Sprinolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride
spirinolactone is a competive aldosterone R antag in cortical collectin tubule. Triamteren and amiloride act at the same part of the tubule by blocking NA channels in the CCT effects: hyperkalemia, endocrine effets with aldosterone angat (can cause gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects) |
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Explain the role of folate and B12 in the formation of DNA ( and generation of RBC)
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Vit B12 is a cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (produce THF) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (make Succinyl-CoA)
Folate converted to THF a coenzyme for 1-c transfer/methylation reactions. Importatn for the synth of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA |
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which primary bone tumor fits the following.
*most common primary malignant bone tumor *11:22 translocation *soap-bubble appearnace on x-ray *onion-skin appearnace of bone *Codman's triangle (periostal elevation) on xray *may arise from osteochondroma or appear as a primary tumor *anaplastic small cell, aggressive mets, good chemo response *most common malignant bone tumor in kids |
common malignant bone tumor: multiple myeloma
11;22 : Ewings sarcoma soap-bubble: Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) onion-skin: Ewing's sarcoma Codman's triangle: Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) from osteochondroma: chondrosarcoma anaplastic small cell: Ewing's common malignant bone tumor in kids: osteosarcoma |
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fx of Golgi?
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distrubtion center of proteins and lipids from ER to plasma membranes, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles
modifes N-oligosacch on asp add O-oligosac to serin and threonine residues add mannose-6-phosphate to specific lysosomal proteins proteoglycan assembly from core proteins sulfation of sugars in proteoglycans and of selected tyr on proteins |
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which vasodilator can cause cyanide tox?
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nitroprusside
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What is the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia
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preeclampsia:tirad of htn, proteinuria, and edema
eclampsia: add seizures to triad |
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Key to initiating sleep? the principle NT involved in REM sleep. what NT reduces REM sleep. how long does it take to achieve REM sleep?
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serotnergic predominance of raphe nucleus is key.
ACh involved in REM sleep NE reduces REM takes about 90min |
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Main difference between delirium and dementia? which one is reversible?
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delirium: (sensory) waxing and waning level of conscousness; rapid down in attn span and level of arousal
dementia: (memory) gradual down in cognition; usually irreversible |
