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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the drug: S-phase specific antimetabolite. Folic acid analog that inhibits dihydroflolate reductase. Results in decreased dTMP
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Methotrexate
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Toxicity of methotrexate
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Myelosuppresion and macrovesicular fatty changes.
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Which drug rescues cells poisoned with methotrexate?
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Leucovorin (folinic acid)
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Which phase of the cell cycle is inhibited with Methotrexate?
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S-phase
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What phase of the cell cycle is inhibited with 5-flurouracil?
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S-phase
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Given the mechanism, state the drug:
S-phase specific. Pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP, which complexes folic acid. Thymidylate synthase is inhibited. Can't rescues with leucovorin. |
5-Fluorouracil
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Which drug rescues cells poisoned with 5-FU?
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Thymidine
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5-FU has synergy with which drug?
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Methotrexate
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Do you use 5-FU for solid tumors or leukemias?
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Solid tumors (especially colon cancer)
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This drug blocks de-novo purine synthesis. Activated by HGPRTase
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6-Mercaptopurine
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In general, what type of cancers does 6-MP treat?
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Hematologic cancers (Leukemias, lymphomas (although not CLL or Hodgkin's)
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Why does 6-MP have increased toxicity when simultaneously used with Allopurinol?
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Both are metabolized by xanthine oxidase
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What's another name for Cytarabine?
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Ara-C
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How does Cytarabine (Ara-C) work?
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Inhibits DNA polymerase
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There's only one cancer that Ara-C is used for. What is it?
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AML
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Side effects of Ara-C (Cytarabine) (x3)
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Leukopenia,
Thrombocytopenia Megaloblastic anemia |
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Two drugs that are alkylating agents that covalently cross link DNA at guanine N-7
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Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide |
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Toxicity with cyclophosphamide
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Myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic cystitis (I would call this a k-n-o-w) |
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Which drug can you co-administer with cyclophosphamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis?
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Mesna
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Camustine, lomustine, semustine, and streptocin are nitrosoureas that work how?
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Alkylate DNA. They can cross the blood-brain barrier
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These two drugs act like alkylating agents and form reactive oxygen species
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Cisplatin and carboplatin
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What is the clinical significance of nitrosoureas crossing the BBB?
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They can treat brain neoplasms. Also, they cause neuro side effects
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This drug alkylates DNA, is used in CML and causes pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation
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Busulfan
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Antidote to cisplatin/carboplatin
(This one wasn't in First Aid) |
Amifustine
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Side effect of cisplatin and carboplatin:
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Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage
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The mechanism of this drug class is to generate free radicals and noncovalently intercalate in DNA.
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Doxorubicin
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Side effects of Doxorubicin and daunorubicin
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Cardiotoxicity
Myelosuppression and alopecia to boot |
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Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D) is used in which age group related tumors?
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kids tumors (Wilms', Ewing, and Rhabdomyosarcoma)
Mnemonic: Kids ACT out (as in ACTinomycin D) |
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This drug is similar to Doxorubicin in that it generates free radicals although it doesn't intercalate in DNA
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Bleomycin
-Induces DNA strand breaks. |
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Toxicity of bleomycin(X2)
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Pulmonary fibrosis
Skin changes |
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This drug inhibits topoisomerase II
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Etoposide
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Which phase of replication/mitosis is inhibited by etoposide
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G2 phase
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This is a receptor antagonist for estrogen
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Tamoxifen
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Tamoxifen puts patients at risk for this cancer:
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Endometrial carcinoma
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Which drug causes hot flashes?
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Tamoxifen
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How does raloxifene differ from tamoxifen?
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Raloxifene does not cause endometrial cancer because it antagonizes the endometrium receptors (unlike tamoxifen)
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This is a monoclonal antibody against HER-2.
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Trastuzumab
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Drug used in CML that is a tyrosine kinas inhibitor (this is a k-n-o-w)
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Imatinib (Gleevec)
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Side effect to Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
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Cardiotoxicity
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These drugs are M-phase specific alkaloids that bind to tubulin and block polymerization of microtubules. Prevents formation of mitotic spindle
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Vincristine and vinblastine
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What is the toxicity associated with vincristine?
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Neurotoxicity
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Which of the following causes bone marrow suppression?
Vincristine or Vinblastine |
Vinblastine
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Taxols prevent which stage of replication/mitosis?
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M-phase specific
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Vincristine or Paclitaxel:
Prevents formation of mitotic spindle: |
Vincristine
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Vincristine or Paclitaxel:
Blocks breakdown of mitotic spindle |
Paclitaxel
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Toxicity of paclitaxel:
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Myelosupression
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What does ABVD stand for?
What cancers is this regimen for? |
Adriamycin
Bleomycin Vinblastine Dacarbazine Used in HODGKIN'S, myelomas, sarcomas, and solid tumors |
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What is the MOPP regimen used for?
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Lymphoma
Wilm's Choriocarcinoma |