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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What causes a bicornuate uterus?
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incomplete fusion of
Paramesonepheric ducts |
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Dx:
abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior side of penis Cause? |
Hypospadias
cause: failure of Urethral folds to close [Hypospadias in Inferior - can see w/ penis held HI] |
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Dx:
abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior side of penis Cause? what is it assoc with? |
Epispadias
cause: bad positioning of Genital Tubercle assoc w/: Extrophy of bladder [Epispadias = Extrophy] |
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genotypic and gonadal female (XX) with ovaries but external genitalia is virilized or ambiguous
cause? |
Female Pseudohermaphrodite
cause: extra exposure to androgens during early gestation |
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genotypic and gonadal male (XY) with testis but external genitalia is female or ambiguous
(vagina that ends in blind pouch) cause? |
Male Pseudohermaphrodite
cause: loss of androgen receptor function |
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Another name for Male pseudohermaphrodism
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Androgen Insensitivity syndrome
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Definition:
Both ovary and testicular tissue present (47,XXY) |
True Hermaphrodite
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Dx:
Ambiguous genitalia until puberty, when increase in testosterone causes masculinization |
5-alpha reductase deficiency
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Dx:
tight foreskin that is difficult to retract over glans penis |
Phimosis
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Definition:
subcutaneous fibrosis of the dorsum of the penis in older men |
Peyronie Dz
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Dx:
painless chancre |
Syphillis
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Definition:
a single erythematous plaque most often on the shaft of the penis or scrotum |
Bowen Dz
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Definition:
a single erythematous plaque most often on the glans penis or the prepuce |
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
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Dx:
Multiple wart-like lesions that histologically resemble Bowens and Queyrat |
Bowenoid Papulosis
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Dx:
developmental failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum |
Cryptorchidism
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where does the fluid of a Hydrocele fill?
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Tunica Vaginalis
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Definition:
malignant germ cell tumor presenting as painless enlargement of testis in 35 yo men; radiosensitive and poss Inc hCG |
Seminoma
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which testicular tumor is similar to a seminoma but at a younger age of onset?
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Embryonal CA
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Definition:
malignant germ cell tumor of testis that has a peak in infancy and early childhood; Inc alpha-fetoprotein |
Enodermal sinus (Yolk Sac) tumor
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difference b/t immature and mature teratoma
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Immature:
resembles fetal tissue Mature: resembles adult tissue |
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Definition:
benign testicluar stromal tumor that can produce androgens and estrogens, contains Reinke crystals seen in precocious puberty or gynecomastia |
Leydig cell Tumor
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Definition:
benign testicular stromal tumor that forms cord-like structures with minor endocrine abnormalities |
Sertoli cell tumor
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Definition:
testicular tumor w/ trophoblastic cells and villous structures resembling a placenta, malignant, hemorrhagic and Inc b-hCG |
Choriocarcinoma
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where in the prostate does Adenocarcinoma occur?
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Peripheral zone (Posterior lobe) only
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Dx:
pruitis and leukoplakia in the vulvar region (name benign and precancerous) |
Lichen Sclerosis
(benign) Atypical hyperplastic dystrophy (pre-CA) |
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Dx:
Benign papilloma caused by HPV; koilocytes which HPV types? |
Condyloma Acuminatum
(HPV 6 and 11) |
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Squamous cell CA on penis, vulva, cervix is assoc w/ which HPV?
(4) |
16, 18, 31, 33
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Dx:
in children younger then 5 yo, a "bunch of grapes" protruding from the vulva |
Sarcoma Botryoides
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Dx:
menstrual-related onset of pain in the entire pelvic area |
Endometriosis
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what amniotic fluid abnormality is a cause of anencephaly?
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Polyhydraminos
(due to esophageal/duodenal atresia) |
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MC Uterine tumor
what is its size related to? |
Leiomyoma
(Fibroid) size: Estrogen secretion (more at Preg, less at Menopause) |
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Dx:
abnormal endometrial gland proliferation due to excess estrogen; manifests as vaginal bleeding |
Endometrial Hyperplasia
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What do HPV viral proteins E6 and E7 bind to?
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E6 = p53
E7 = Rb |
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Definition:
swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium (trophoblast); high b-hCG; "honeycomb uterus" or "cluster of grapes" appearance |
Hydatidiform mole
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Dx:
46,XX and completely Paternal; without fetus |
Complete Hydatidiform mole
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Dx:
69,XXY (or tetraploidy); may contain fetal parts |
Partial Hydatidiform mole
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Dx:
pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, and edema; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia |
Preeclampsia
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Dx:
pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, edema and seizures; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia |
Eclampsia
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What pregnancy Dx presents as RUQ pain and HTN in 50% of patients?
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HELLP syndrome
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Tx for Eclampsia
(2) |
IV magnesium sulfate
and Diazepam |
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Dx:
premature separation of placenta w/ painful uterine bleeding (usu in 3rd trimester); fetal death; may be assoc w/ DIC |
Abruptio Placentae
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Dx:
defective decidual layer allows placenta to attach directly to myometrium; possibly due to previous c-section; may have massive hemorrhage post-delivery |
Placenta Acreta
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Dx:
attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment; may occlude cervical os; Painless bleeding in any trimester |
Placenta Previa
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Which CIN is considered carcinoma in situ?
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CIN-3
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what type of CA is assoc w/ cervix?
what is the Cause Of Death in 80% of patients? |
Squamous cell CA
COD: UREMIA due to local extension to compress ureters |
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Definition:
Endometriosis in the myometrium |
Adenomyosis
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MC GYN malignancy
what is presenting age range? |
Endometrial CA
age: 55-65 |
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Dx:
Bulky tumor w/ areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, typically arising de novo, may protrude from cervix and bleed |
Leiomyosarcoma
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Ovarian Cyst:
distention of unruptured graafian follicle; may be assoc w/ hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia |
Follicular cyst
|
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Ovarian Cyst:
hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum; mentrual irregularities |
Corpus Luteum cyst
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Ovarian Cyst:
bilateral, multiple, due to gonadotropin stimulation; can be assoc w/ choriocarcinoma or hydatidiform moles |
Theca-Lutein cyst
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Ovarian Cyst:
blood-containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis; varies w/ mentrual cycle |
Chocolate cyst
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Dx:
amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, multiple small follicular cysts what hormone is in excess? |
Polycystic Ovarian syndrome
Increased LH |
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Dx:
frequently bilateral, lined w/ fallopian tube-like epithelium, benign; |
Serous Cystadenoma
(20% of ovarian tumors) |
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Dx:
frequently bilateral, malignant, w/ fallopian tube-like epithelium; 50% of ovarian tumors |
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
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Dx:
multilocular cyst lined by mucus-secreting epithelium; benign |
Mucinous Cystadenoma
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Dx:
malignant tumor w/ mucus-secreting epithelium, can rupture producing multiple peritoneal tumor implants that produce mucinous material |
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
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Definition:
Rupture of a mucinous tumor that causes multiple peritoneal tumor implants, all producing large quantities of intraperitoneal mucinous material |
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
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Dx:
benign ovarian tumor that resembles Bladder transitional epithelium |
Brenner tumor
[Brenner = Bladder] |
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Dx:
Ovarian tumor w/ bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts what cell does it originate from? |
Ovarian Fibroma
(Thecal cell) |
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Dx:
Ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax |
Meigs syndrome
|
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Dx:
ovarian estrogen-secreting tumor causing precocious puberty in kids or endometrial hyperplasia in adults. name and describe the characteristic cell |
Granulosa cell tumor
Call-Exner bodies: small follicles filled w/ eosinophilic secretions |
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Dx:
MC malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary; sheets of uniform cells w/ Inc hCG |
Dysgerminoma
(Seminoma in man) |
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Dx:
aggressive malignancy in ovaries, produces alpha-fetoprotein, Schiller-Duval bodies |
Endodermal Sinus (Yolk Sac) tumor
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Dx:
rare, malignant ovarian tumor that can develop during pregnancy in mother or baby; large hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblastic cells; high b-hCG |
Choriocarcinoma
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MC benign ovarian tumor
name and describe what it can contain? |
Teratoma
Stuma Ovarii - functional thyroid tissue |
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In females, how does the Immature vs Mature teratoma differ from Males?
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Females:
Immature - aggressively Malignant Mature - Benign (Men Mature are Malignant) |
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MC testicular CA in older men
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Testicular lymphoma
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Dx:
aggressive malignant neoplasm w/ Inc hCG and early spread to lungs; preceded by hydatidiform mole, abortion of ectopic or normal pregnancy |
Gestational Choriocarcinoma
(more common then Ovarian type) |
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MC disorder of the breast b/t 25 - 50 yo
It may present w/ what characteristic? |
Fibrocystic Dz
(Blue dome cyst) |
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Dx:
diffuse breast pain w/ fibrosis and multiple lesions bilaterally what type has cellular atypia of small ducts w/ fibrosis? |
Fibrocystic Dz
(Sclerosing Adenosis) |
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MC benign breast tumor in women < 25 yo
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Fibroadenoma
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Dx:
small, benign, firm, rubbery, painless, well-circuscribed lesion of breast |
Fibroadenoma
(less then 25 yo) |
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Dx:
benign large bulky mass of connective tissue and cysts in breast; has "leaflike" projections |
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
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Dx:
tumor of lactiferous duct, presenting w/ serous or bloody nipple discharge |
Intraductal papilloma
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What receptors are expressed in post-menopausal malignant CA of breast?
(2) |
Overexpression of E2/P4 receptors
erb-B2 (HER-2) |
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MC place for Malignant breast CA
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Upper, outer quadrant
|
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Dx:
eczematous patches on nipple, characteristic large cells surrounded by clear halo area, invades epidermis, underlying ductal CA always present |
Padget Dz of the Breast
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Dx:
malignant breast CA w/ Lymphocytic infiltrate |
Medullary CA
|
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Dx:
multicentric or Bilateral breast CA w/ cells arranged in linear ("indian-file") fashion |
Invasive Lobular CA
[Invasive Lobular = Indian Line] |
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Dx:
breast CA w/ lymphatic involvement of skin by underlying CA causing red, swollen and hot area on breast |
Inflammatory CA
|
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Dx:
tumor cells fill breast ducts resulting in necrosis and a cheese-like consistency (2 names) |
Intraductal CA in situ
(Comedocarcinoma) [Cheesy Comedian] |
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Dx:
malignant breast CA w/ tumor cells in cords, islands and glands embedded in dense fibrous stroma; firm consistency |
Invasive Ductal CA
(MC malignant Breast CA) |
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Dx:
clusters of neoplastic cells fill intralobular ductules and acini and don't pass BM, often metastasis to bilateral breast by time of initial Dx |
Lobular CA in situ
|
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Dx:
malignant breast CA w/ pools of extracellular mucus surrounding clusters of tumor cells; gelatinous consistency |
Mucinous (Colloid) CA
|
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Dx:
young adult w/ fever, vomiting and diarrhea, rapid pulse and hypotension, diffuse macular rash |
Toxic Shock syndrome
(S. aureus) |
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what bug causes PID in combo w/ monoarticular arthritis?
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Gonorrhea
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