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73 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Definition:
when the resemblance to the tissue of origin is close |
Well-differentiated
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(4) signs of Malignant Cancer
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Hyperchromatism;
Anaplasia (poor differentiation); Inc Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; prominent Nucleoli |
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the (3) types of CA from Epithelial origin
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Epithelial = "Carcinoma"
Squamous Cell CA; Adenocarcinoma; Transitional Cell CA |
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Definition:
reversible pre-neoplastic growth with loss of cellular orientation, shape and size in comparison to normal tissue |
Dysplasia
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Definition:
a clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and excessive |
Neoplasia
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Order of the "-plasias" in severity
(5) |
normal cells -> Hyperplasia ->
Metaplasia or Dysplasia -> Anaplasia -> Neoplasia (Carcinoma in situ) -> Metastasis |
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what cancer type is often associated w/ Desmoplasia (proliferation of fibrous tissue)?
name (3) main sites |
Adenocarcinoma
sites: Breast; Pancreas; Prostate |
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Definition:
Neoplasm derived from all (3) germ layers where is it usually seen? |
Teratoma
MC in ovaries and testis |
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Definition:
benign neoplasm often arising from surface or transitional epithelium what does it look like? |
Papilloma
(finger-like projections) |
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Difference b/t Choristoma and Hamartoma
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Chroistoma:
normal tissus misplaced w/i another organ Hamartoma: benign, tumor-like overgrowth of cells regularly found w/i the infected organ |
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Definition:
denotes origin from a single precursor cell what is opposite? |
Monoclonal
(neoplastic) opposite: Polyclonal (non-neoplastic) |
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what type of metastatic tumors are via Lymphatic spread?
spread in blood? |
Carcinoma = Lymphatic
Sarcoma = Blood |
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Pituitary tumor Dx:
amenorrhea, infertility |
Prolactinoma
(sometimes galactorrhea) |
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Pituitary tumor Dx:
gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults |
Somatotropic (Acidophilic) adenoma
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Pituitary tumor Dx:
causes Cushings disease (secondary adrenal hypercorticism) |
Corticotropic (Basophilic) adenoma
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Paraneoplastic effect:
Inc ACTH -> Cushing's syndrome |
Small cell CA of lung
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Paraneoplastic effect:
Inc ADH -> SIADH (2) |
Small cell CA of lung;
intracranial neoplasms |
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Paraneoplastic effect:
PTH-related peptide -> Hypercalcemia (5)* |
Some Really Breaks My Bones:
Squamous cell CA of lung; Renal cell CA; Breast CA; Multiple Myeloma; Bone metastasis |
Some Really Breaks My Bones
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Paraneoplastic effect:
TSH -> Hyperthyroidism (2) |
Hydatiform moles;
Choriocarcinoma |
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Paraneoplastic effect:
EPO -> Polycythemia (2) |
Renal cell CA;
Hemangioblastoma |
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Paraneoplastic effect:
Hyperuricemia -> Gout (2) |
Leukemias
Lymphomas |
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Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Brain (5)* |
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia:
Lung; Breast; Skin (melanoma) Kidney; GI |
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia
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Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Liver (5)* |
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver:
Colon; Stomach; Pancreas; Breast; Lung (from bottom -> up) |
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
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Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Bone (5)* |
Bone Problems Likely to Kill:
Breast; Prostate; Lung; Thyroid / Testis; Kidney |
Bone Problems Likely to Kill
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Tumor marker seen in 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers
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CEA
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Vinyl Chloride |
Angiosarcoma of Liver
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Cigarette smoke (2) |
CA of Lung
CA of Larynx |
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Alkylating agents |
Acute Leukemia
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Asbestos (3) |
Mesothelioma;
Lung bronchogenic CA; GI cancers |
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Smoked fish w/ Nitrosamines (2) |
Adenocarcinoma of stomach;
Esophageal CA |
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Alcohol (2) |
Mouth CA;
Esophageal CA |
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Arsenic |
Squamous cell CA
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
High-fat diet |
Breast CA
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Naphthalene (Aniline) dyes, aromatic amines |
Transitional CA of bladder
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Benzene |
Acute Leukemia
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
Clear cell CA of vagina
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Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:
Nickel, Chromium, Uranium |
Lung CA
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Dx:
atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia, low iron what CA does it lead to? |
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
CA: Squamous cell CA of Esophagus |
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Dx:
facial angiofibromas, seizures, mental retardation what CA does it lead to? (2) |
Tuberous Sclerosis
CA: Astrocytoma; Cardiac Rhabdomyoma |
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what is a common skin presentation seen in malignancies of the stomach, lung, breast and uterus?
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Acanthosis Nigracans
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
abl |
CML
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
c-myc |
Burkitt's lymphoma
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
bcl-2 |
Follicular lymphoma
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
erb-B2 (3)* |
BOG:
Breast; Ovarian; Gastric CA |
BOG
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
ras |
Colon CA
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
L-myc |
Lung CA
[L = Lung] |
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
N-myc |
Neuroblastoma
[N = Neuro] |
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Oncogene assoc tumor:
ret (2) |
MEN types 2 & 3
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
Rb (2) Chromosome? |
Retinoblastoma;
Osteosarcoma chrom: 13q |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
BRCA1 and 2 (2) Chromosome? |
Breast CA
Ovarian CA chrom: 17q, 13q |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
p53 Chromosome? |
Most cancers
(Li-Fraumeni syndrome) chrom: 17p |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
p16 Chromosome? |
Melanoma
chrom: 9p |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
APC Chromosome? |
Colorectal CA
chrom: 5q (5 letters in "polyp") |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
WT1 Chromosome? |
Wilms Tumor
chrom: 11q |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
NF1 Chromosome? |
Neurofibromatosis type 1
(Von Recklinghausen) chrom: 17q (17 letters in Von Recklinghausen) |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
NF2 Chromosome? |
Neurofibromatosis type 2
chrom: 22q (type 2 = 22) |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
DPC Chromosome? |
Pancreatic CA = PC
chrom: 18q |
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Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:
DCC Chromosome? |
Colon CA = CC
chrom: 18q |
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Tumor marker:
alpha-fetoprotein (2) |
Hepatocellular CA;
Germ cell tumor of testis (yolk sac tumors) |
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Tumor marker:
beta-hCG (3) |
HCG:
Hydatidiform moles; Choriocarcinoma; Gestational Trophoblastic tumor |
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Tumor marker:
CA-125 (2) |
Ovarian CA;
malignant Epithelial tumors |
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Tumor marker:
S-100 (3)* |
MAN:
Melanoma; Astrocytoma; Neural tumors |
MAN
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Tumor marker:
Alkaline phosphatase (3)* |
MOP:
Metastasis to Bone; Obstructive Biliary Dz; Paget's Dz of bone |
MOP
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Tumor marker:
Bombesin (3) |
Neuroblastoma;
Lung CA; Gastric CA |
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(4)* tumors w/ Psammoma Bodies
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PSaMMoma:
Papillary Thyroid Serous Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma of Ovary; Meningioma; Mesothelioma |
PSaMMoma
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Virus assoc tumors:
HTLV-1 |
Adult T-cell Leukemia
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Virus assoc tumors:
HBV, HVC |
Hepatocellular CA
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Virus assoc tumors:
EBV (2) |
Burkitt's lymphoma;
Nasopharyngeal CA |
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Virus assoc tumors:
HPV (3) |
CAP it:
Cervical CA (16, 18); Anal CA; Penile CA |
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Virus assoc tumors:
HHV-8 |
Karposi's sarcoma
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where is person most likely to have cancer?
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Skin
(skin has highest incidence, but unable to quantify) |
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top (3) MCC of CA in male and female
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Male:
Prostate Lung Colorectal Female: Breast Lung Colorectal |
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top (2) MCC of death from CA
in male and female |
Male:
Lung Prostate Female: Lung Breast |
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