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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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Also called the "elastic clause," Article I Section 8, of the Constitution, this is the source of "implied powers" for the national government as explained in McCulloch v. Maryland
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Bill of attainder
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A law that punishes an individual and bypasses the procedural safeguards of the legal process, prohibited by the Constitution; legislative acts that declare an individual guilty and mete out punishment without a trial
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Ex post facto law
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A law that makes an act a crime after it was committed or increases the punishment for a crime already committed- both prohibited by the Constitution
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Trustee role
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The concept that legislators should vote on the basis of their consciences and the broad interests of the nation and not simply on the views of their constituents
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Delegate role
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A concept of legislative work as simply voting the desires of one's constituents, regardless of one's own personal views
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Politico style
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A manner of representation in which members of Congress attempt to strike a balance between the interests of their constituents and the dictates of their own judgment and conscience
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Reciprocity
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A practice whereby two or more members of Congress exchange support for legislation important to each other
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Conference Committee
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The Republican leadership committee in the House
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Rider
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Provisions, usually attached to appropriate bills that "ride" into law on the backs of necessary pieces of legislation with which the President would have to veto an entire bill in order to kill the amendment
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Filibuster
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Continuing debate designed to prevent consideration of a particular bill; a technique used in the Senate
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Chief of State
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The role the president plays as the ceremonial head of the nation that can also make the president a symbol of national unity during times of crisis
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Head of Government
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The chief executive officer of a government- the president is the head of government in the United States
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Stewardship theory
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An expansive theory of presidential power, put forth by Theodore Roosevelt, that holds that the president can undertake any act as long as it is not prohibited by a specific provision of the the Constitution or statutory law
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Constitutional theory
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The concept associated with President William Howard Taft, that the president couldn't exercise any power unless it is based on a specific constitutional provision or legislative grant
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Administration
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The president plus senior officials such as Cabinet officials, undersecretaries, and the administrators and deputies of the various independent agencies
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Bureaucracy
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An organization that exists to accomplish certain goals or objectives called public purposes and that consists of a group of people hired and arranged in a hierarchy because of specific duties they can perform
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Spoils system
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The practice of making appointments to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support in election campaigns
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Pendleton Act
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Legislation passed in 1883 that created a Civil Service Commission charged with the task of using merit, rather tan partisan, political connections, as a condition of government employment
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Hatch Act
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Legislation that prohibits civil servants from participating in partisan political activity
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Civil Service Reform Act
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Legislation designed to improve the level of performance of civil servants by creating incentives for high-quality work, protecting whistle-blowers, and making it easier to fire inadequate employees
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Iron triangle
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The combination of interest group representatives, legislators, an government administrators seen as extremely influential in determining the outcome of political decisions
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Regulations
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Rules devised by government agencies that shape the actions of individuals and groups in order to achieve purposes mandated by law
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Federal Register
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A daily government publication that contains proposed and final regulations, presidential proclamations, and executive orders
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Code of Federal Regulations
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Compilation of U.S. administrative rules currently in effect, classified by agency and subject matter
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Deregulation
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Process of reducing the number and scope of government regulations
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Red tape
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Bureaucratic rules and procedures that seem to complicate and delay needed action unnecessarily
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