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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ostend Manifesto
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-October 1954
-Declared that the U.S. would benefit from possession of Cuba and that Spain would be better off without it. -Recommended that the U.S. purchase Cuba from Spain -Written by Pierre Soule, John Mason, and James Buchanan. |
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Ten Years War
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-1868 (U.S. didn't intervene)
-Cubans resisting Spanish control -Precursor to the Spanish-American War -Caused by taxation, trade restrictions and exclusion of the Cuban natives from the government. -Lead to US investment in Cuba -guerilla war -creole elite felt spanish policies were restraining cuban development -pact of zanjan ended conflict but it did not institute independence of abolition of slavery |
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De Lome Letter
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-Private letter from Dupuy de Lome. Intercepted and given to U.S. press
-Described President McKinley as weak creating an intense anger in the U.S. |
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Maine
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-blew up in a Havana harbor, killing 260 people.
-ship had been ordered to Cuba in January to protect American lives and property from the Spanish -American assumed that the Spanish had sunk the ship partly because of an inaccurate naval court report. -Initiated U.S. propaganda “remember the Maine” inspiring support for U.S. revenge on Spain. -Later evidence suggested that there had been an accidental explosion |
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Rough Riders
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-cavalry unit at the center of fighting
-volunteer regiment -commanded by general leonard wood -really led by T. roosevelt |
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Platt Amendment
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-1901
-barred cuba from making treaties with other nations giving the US control of cuban foreign policy -gave US the right to intervene in cuba in order to protect independence |
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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-led Filipinos against the US
-captured by US in march 1901 -signed a document urging his followers to stop fighting and declared his own allegiance to the US |
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Open Door
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-Looking to protect American interests in China, McKinley announce the Open Door policy in September 1898.
-Later it was translated by Secretary of State John Hay into the "Open Door Notes." -Europe and Japan received the proposal coolly and Russia rejected it. -U.S. had no way to force the others to obey. -Effective after Boxer Rebellion |
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James G. Blaine
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-led early efforts to expand American influence into Latin America
-helped organize the 1st Pan-American Congress in Oct. 1889 -delegates from 19 nations Delegates agreed to create the Pan-American Union, a weak international union. -rejected Blaine's other proposals -secretary of state in two republican administrations in 1880s -believed US must look to latin america for markets for its surplus goods |
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Alred Thayer Mahan
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-admiral in the U.S navy
-wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History -showed that countries with sea power were the powerful and great nations on history said the greatness of the U.S. rested in sea power -wanted to construct a canal across isthmus of Central America to join the oceans, and acquire defensive bases on both sides. -Also, not only to remain a world-leader, but they should also imperialize to keep the other countries from becoming too powerful. -pro imperialism |
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Theodore Roosevelt
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-pro imperialism
-Big Stick Policy the United States should be the "international police" and had the right to intervene in affairs of "backwards" countries -added Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Document -U.S. could interfere to maintain peace -Saw imperialism as a way of reinvigorating the nation and keeping alive what they considered the healthy, restorative influence. |
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Josiah Strong
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-Congregational clergyman and champion of overseas missionary work.
-Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis (1885) -The Anglo-Saxon race and especially its American branch, represented the great ideas of civil liberty and pure Christianity and "was divinely commissioned" to spread its institutions over the earth. -pro imperialism |
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Samuel Gompers
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-The first duty of the United States is their people, not those of another nation
-Citizens of US are left at a disadvantage when time is spent on expanding outside rather than expanding within -When the US expands to encompass other nations, supply of laborers increase Therefore, wages will decrease (simple economics, supply and demand) -Less job opportunities will be available for the US citizens -All the foreigners will take them -Gompers is the President of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), thus is more concerned with the jobs, etc., of citizens -Foreigners will be treated differently -Look at the way blacks are already treated just because they are of a different custom -Other foreigners will be treated the same way -They would not be given the same natural rights -They would be the minority, picked on and ruled upon Already known as inferior -Gompers worries about "semi-savage" races that would swarm the United States and engulf its people and civilization. -Once imperialism begins, there is no end -anti imperialism |
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William Jennings Bryan
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-Imperialism would endanger the success of the U.S.
-Philippines as an example: annexation neither adds strength to U.S. or allows for further opportunities for Americans -Annexation would require more military and this cost the U.S. much money and bloodshed to secure a nation. -Imperialism takes focus of government away from domestic problems -Imperialism contradicts the idea of the Monroe doctrine: "How can we expect European nations to respect our supremacy in the Western hemisphere if we insist upon entering Asia?" -Contradicts the governmental ideas of freedom and ruling by the people: "a government of consent in America and a government by force in Asia." -Our foreign trade is already increasing (i.e. Canada) without imperialism, so don't need it for success economically -Americans will not move to Asia, but Asians will want to move here. That will contradict the laws set against Chinese emigration -Imperialism will lead to heavier taxes, Asiatic emigration and more people taken for the military -anti imperialism |
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Andrew Carnegie
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-Imperialism goes against our governing creed of ruling my the masses
-Imperialism takes away the homogeneous nature of the U.S. and removes unity -Imperialism sacrifices internals growth and advancement for external possessions which can never fully be hers; the most the U.S can get is a dependent -Imperialism does not guarantee more trade. -Without Imperialism, the U.S already trades with Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand and all over the world -Without imperialism, the U.S. is free from serious attack. -Imperialism contradicts Monroe Doctrine -Americans can not be grown in Asia; and a successful daughter nation must hold population from the mother nation -Spain, who held control over Philippines, made little money off of the control even holding strong power. The U.S. would rule the dependencies with less command, thus producing even less money than previously. -Once Philippines is under our control we cannot suppress any attempts of independence since we teach independence in our history. -We can use the money that we would need for imperialism internally to improve waterways. -If we compete as Imperialists, we need a navy as strong as the strongest. This costs a lot. -The acquisition of nations forfeits safety because right now no power of the world could even slightly damage us because are one strong unit all together. This would change with imperialism. -Offered the U.S. government $20-million for Philippine independence -anti imperialism |
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Jane Addams
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-anti imperialism
-humanitarian viewpoint -imperialism is cruel and only leads to pain and suffering -pacifist -against the brutality that comes with imperialism |
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Diplomacy
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the means a nation uses to achieve the goals it has in its relationship with another nation.
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foreign policy
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-the goals one nation has in its relationship with another nation.
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Jose Marti
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-promoted cuban independence
-wanted blacks and whites to come together and fight for cuba, not be divided -wanted (1) recognition of beligerency for rebels (2) wanted sale of arms to rebels -did not want for US to get involved (because he knew that it would consume everything) -killed in battle because he went ahead of his soldiers |
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William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
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-yellow journalism
-involved in the cuban independence issues -often embellished stories and made them worse than they actually were in order to sell more newspapers, etc. |
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Butcher Weyler
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-sent out to crush the rebellions in cuba
-enforced the reconcentration policy -put civilizans into cruel concentration camps which many died there -put civilizans away so that they would not help the rebels -became governor of cuba, appointed by spain -became a villian for US because so cruel and harsh |
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New York junto
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-junto is a group of people that takes over after a coup
-group of cubans that worked to gain funding for cuban independence in NY -Jose Marti major part |
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Turner thesis
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-closing of frontier and loss of resources
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John Fiske
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-predicted in Harpers magazine that english speaking peoples would eventually control every land not already the seat of an "established civilization"
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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-US Senator
-close friend of T. Roosevelt -warned that US must not fall out of the line of march -pro imperialism |
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John Burgess
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-founder of Columbia University's political science school
-stated that anglo-saxon and teutonic nations possessed the highest political talents, it was their duty to uplift less fortunate peopls -if necessary force should be used to put superior institutions in place -"no human right to status of barbarism" |
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Olney Doctrine
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-redefinition to come degree of monroe doctrine
-no european nation can intervene but US can |
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McKinely Tariff
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-1890
-abolishes impact duties on raw sugar and molasses -leads to increase in US trade and economic influence in cuba |
