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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
vertical consolidation (and who used it)
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used by Carnegie Steel Company. Business strategy that involves controlling different industries of each phase of a product.
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horizontal consolidation (and who used it)
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used by Standard Oil Company. It involved combining different forms of the same business to defeat competition.
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Pennsylvania 1859
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Rockefeller drilled his first oil well, & started his refinery business
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fracking
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putting toxins into the ground to remove oil
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corporations (& when the idea was created)
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created in the late 1800s. Purpose is to make money for investors & beat their competition.
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Pinkertons
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undercover cops hired by companies
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Triangle ShirtWaist Company fire (and when)
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1911. Garment factory in NYC that had bad safety conditions and raised awareness after >100 people died in a fire
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Industrialization (dates)
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1860s - early 1900s
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Imperialism (dates & president)
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1898- ?. President McKinley. He wrote to Congress asking to go to war with Spain.
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Spanish-American War (and date)
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1898. war between US and Spain over Cuban territory. US achieved success.
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Sinking of the USS Maine (date)
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1898. a US ship that sank in Havana, Cuba, and the US thought that the Spanish did it so they attacked
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San Juan Hill
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successful battle in Cuba led by Teddy Roosevelt that led him to become a hero in the US
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Manila Bay (date)
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1898. Admiral Dewey destroyed Spanish fleet & took control of the Philippines
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Emiliano Aguinaldo
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turned against the US and created war between US and the Philippines. rebel leader.
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Progressivism [dates & presidents & purpose (4)]
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1890-1920. Presidents Teddy Roosevelt & Taft. Purpose: give people more say in government, limit power of large corporations, provide minimal support to the vulnerable, & protect the environment
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Initiative process
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created by Hiram Johnson, citizens can place an item on a ballot for direct voting & can also create petitions
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Referendum
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created by Hiram Johnson, voters could veto a law
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Recall
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created by Hiram Johnson, voters could remove an elected state/local official from office
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Mothers' pensions
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small amounts of $$$ for women who didn't have male support
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Muller v. Oregon (date)
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1908. court case on restrictions of work hours, & it passed for women b/c they are so "delicate".
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Sherman Antitrust Act (date)
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1898. allowed government to take over monopolies.
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Northern Securities Co. & Teddy Roosevelt
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3 railroad companies that joined together to create a monopoly, and Teddy destroyed that & separated them again
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Environmental Reform
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Teddy created wildlife preserves & national parks & also managed natural resources
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Standard Oil Company & Taft
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Taft broke up the most powerful monopoly of that time
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16th Amendment
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Congress can tax individual incomes.
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Tariffs
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taxes on imports such as stamps, alcohol, & gasoline
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Regressive tax
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everyone pays the same amount of $$$ on taxes. this affects the poor more than the rich.
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Progressive tax
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richer people pay more $$$ on taxes, poorer people pay less.
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World War 1 (dates, president)
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1914-1918. War between Central Powers & Allied Powers. President Wilson.
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Central Powers (3)
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Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, & Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
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Allied Powers / Entente (7)
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France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, Serbia, US, & Japan
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Sinking of the Lusitania
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Germans believed the Lusitania was carrying weapons for the British allies, so they sank it (they were right).
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1920s (presidents)
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Harding, Coolidge, Hoover. Known as the Roaring 20s. Investors were making $$$ in the stock market.
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Economic Danger Signs (3)
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1. Highly unequal distribution of wealth
2. Overproduction 3. Speculation on the stock market |
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Great Depression (dates & presidents)
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1929-1930s. Stock market crashed. Everyone lost their earnings. Presidents: Hoover & FDR.
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Small government conservatism
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against taxes. believed that business corrects its own abuses without government interference in the economy.
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recession
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when the economy declines
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depression
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when the economy really crashes
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New Deal (date)
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1932. Proposed by FDR. The government should limit the power of corporations, regulate the economy, & provide a "social safety net" for its citizens.
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Glass-Steagall Act
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created in the 1930s, repealed in 1999 which caused the 2008 recession. Limited banks from doing what they wanted with people's $$$.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (date)
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created in 1933. Makes sure that $$$ in banks are secure.
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Keynesian economics
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John Maynard Keynes wanted to lower interest rates to stimulate the economy, & increase rates to stabilize it.
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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organization that provided 3 million people with jobs.
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Social Security Act (date)
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1935. Insurance aid to the disabled, elderly, and poor families
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World War 2 (dates & president)
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1939-1945. President: FDR.
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Pearl Harbor (date)
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1941. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Motivated FDR to join the war.
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Axis (WWII) (3)
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Germany, Italy, & Japan.
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Allies (WWII) (3)
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US, Great Britain, & USSR.
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Manhattan Project
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secret labs around the US with 120,000 people working on a nuclear bomb.
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United Nations (date)
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created in 1945 to establish peace among all nations.
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WASP
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White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, the "superior" ones.
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National Origins Act (date)
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1924. This law limited the number of immigrants who could enter the US.
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Cold War (MIP)
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A war between the US & the Soviet Union for world power. Most Important President: Truman.
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Fordism
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created by Henry Ford. The idea of paying your employees more so that they can afford to buy your product. (Ford cars)
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liberty bonds
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bonds sold to people of allied powers to raise $$ for WWI
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Lochner v. New York
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limited # of hours someone could work. due to the 14th amendment.
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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temperance movement, group that supported prohibition
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Zimmerman note
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a telegram released from the Germans that said if Mexico declared war on the US, they will be rewarded
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Social Welfare Programs
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programs that provided little support for Americans. Helped to provide food, money, education, shelter, healthcare, etc.
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Operation Rolling Thunder
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plan designed to get rid of transportation routes in Vietnam and halt people & supplies from being able to travel to & from north & south Vietnam
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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allowed US to expand Vietnam war.
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Tet Offensive
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campaign of surprise attacks against military & civilian command & control centers against South Vietnam & the US
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Vietnamization
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removing US troops from Vietnam & replacing them with South Vietnamese soldiers
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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a supply route that connected North & South Vietnam
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resolution of Vietnam war
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2 years after Vietnamization, South Vietnam fell to communism & remains communist today
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supply side economics (trickle down economics)
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cutting taxes for wealthy Americans, in hopes that they will expand business & create jobs
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deregulation (& who started it)
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started by Carter. opposite of FDR's New Deal.
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Reagan Revolution
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Reagan overturned the 40 year old policies and replaced them with conservative policies
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Consequences of supply side economics (5)
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short term economic growth, rising inequality, ballooning deficits, ballooning federal debt, we became a debtor nation.
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The Shah
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ruler of Iran in late 70s. We supported his regime. the iranians revolted against him, so we decided to help Iraq. we helped them acquire nuclear & chemical weapons.
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The Gulf War
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war against the US and Iraq. US's response to Iraq invasion of Kuwait. the UN required that Iraq destroy all their weapons of mass destruction
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Iraq War (date)
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2003. We believed that there were still weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, so we went to war. there weren't any.
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