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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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United Nations |
In NYC, international org for nations to use diplomacy (talking)rather than war
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Cold War
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Tensions between capitalist/democracy US andcommunist/totalitarian USSR
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Capitalism
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Economic system with private ownership, competition
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Democracy
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Govt. system- people vote for leaders>
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Communism
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Economic system- govt ensures everyone makes same amount ofmoney, govt. owns everything/ all businesses
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Joseph Stalin
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Dictator of USSR after Lenin dies
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Harry Truman
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President of US after FDR dies, drops nuclear bombs on Japan, Truman Doctrine, Berlin Airlift
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Soviet “satellite” nations
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Eastern European countries- communist- under control of USSR
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Iron Curtain
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Boarder between democratic W. Europe and Communist E. Europe
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Containment
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US policy of keeping communism from spreading to other countries
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Marshall Plan
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Plan to give W. European billions to rebuild after WWII so theywould not turn communist
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Truman Doctrine
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US would give money and weapons to any country threatened bycommunism
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NATO
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Alliance of W. European and N. American democracies. Attack onone an attack on all- collective security
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Berlin Blockade/Airlift
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Stalin blockades W. Berlin (trying to make it communist)- USairlifts supplies into W. Berlin- Stalin calls of blockade
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Central Intelligence Agency
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US govt. agency that carries out covert missions and spies onother countries
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Arms race
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Race between US and USSR to have best weapons, first strikecapability
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Hydrogen Bomb; ICBMs
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Most powerful nuclear bomb; missile that could reachother continents
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Mao Zedong
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Communist leader of China who led communist takeover ofChina
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Domino Theory
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Idea that if one nation became communist, neighboringcountries would become communist
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Korean War
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N. Korea attempts takeover of S. Korea in attempt tounite Korea as one communist country. US joins in and war ends in stalemate
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Totalitarianism
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Govt. that rules all aspects of its citizens liveseight
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Stalin
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Communist leader of the USSR
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Mussolini
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Fascist leader of Italy
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Adolf Hitler
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Nazi/Fascist leader of Germany
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Hirohito
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Emperor of Japan
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Hideki Tojo
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Military dictator of Japan
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, Japan
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Allies
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USA, USSR, France, Great Britain
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9. Appeasement
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Giving into demands to get someone to stop doing something- G.B. appeased Hitler letting him take over Austria
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Neutrality Acts
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Passed in 1930’s to keep US out of European wars
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11. Pearl Harbor
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Attacked on December 7, 1941, wiped out US Navy in Pacific, caused US to enter war
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12. Cash-and-carry program
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US could sell weapons to Allies, but only if they paid cash andtransported them
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Lend-lease plan
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US could sell weapons to Allies (cash or loan) and transport them on US ships
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War Production Board
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Told companies what war goods to make in WWII
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Holocaust/Final Solution
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Systematic killing of 12 million Jews, handicapped, homosexuals, Gypsies, etc.
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Island hopping
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Strategy to avoid J’s islands and get close enough to Japan tobomb it.
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Los Alamos
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Where nuclear bomb was tested- New Mexico
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Manhattan Project
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Code name for nuclear bomb project
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Japanese internment camps
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Camps in western US where Japanese citizens were forced to live during WWII
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Battle of Midway
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Turning point in Pacific, US starts to beat Japan
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Normandy Invasion (D-Day)
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Allies invade France, open Western Front vs. Germany
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Battle of Iwo Jima
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Japan vs. US for battle of island close to Japan- US wanted it so it could bomb Japan
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Battle of the Bulge
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Last major battle of WWII- US vs. Germany- US wins, marches toward Berlin
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Hiroshima & Nagasaki
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Japanese cities bombed by atomic bomb
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Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
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Meetings to decide how to deal w/ Germany & Europe after WWII
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United Nations
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In NYC- all nations of world meet to discuss problems rather than go to war
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A. Philip Randolph
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Civil rights leader in WWII- Double V Campaign (victory at home and at war)
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F.D. Roosevelt
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Dies in 1945- 4 terms- cause of the 22nd amendment
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Rosie the Riviter
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poster- women needed to work in factories for the war effort
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Black Tuesday
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Biggest stock market crash in US History: October 1929
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President Hoover
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Hoover believed people should get themselves out of the Depression on their own without govt. help
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Hoovervilles
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Tent cities by people that lost their houses during G.D.
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Dust Bowl |
Caused by bad farming techniques and overuse of land- crop failures in Midwest
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New Deal
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Roosevelt’s plan to get out of the Great Depression
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The First Hundred Days
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FDR’s 1st 100 days, Bank Holiday
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Fireside chats
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FDR’s weekly radio program to update American people on how govt. was helping with the G.D.
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Bank Holiday
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Closed banks for four days- unhealthy banks were closed, healthy banks were allowed to reopen. Restored confidence in banks
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Federal Deposit Insurance Commission
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Insured bank deposits in case of bank failure
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Securities & Exchange Commission
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Made rules for how the stock exchange (market) works so it would not crash again
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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Jobs program, built dams in Tennessee and brought electricity to rural areas
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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New Deal job program- unskilled workers did conservation projects
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
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Paid farmers not to grow crops so that the supply would decrease and then the prices would increase
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National Recovery Administration (NRA)
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New Deal Agency to set prices, set fair wages and maximum weekly hours
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Huey Long’s “Share the Wealth” plan
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Presidential candidate who wanted to tax the wealthy and give their money to the poor.
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Work Progress Admin (WPA)
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Largest New Deal Agency, employed millions
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Wagner Act
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Guaranteed workers right to create a union, collectively bargain, strike
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Social Security Act
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Checks to disabled and elderly (over 65)
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Court-Packing
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FDR tried to raise # of Supreme Ct. justices from 9 to 13 so the court could not end his New Deal programs. People objected b/c it violated separation of powers.
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Harding’s “Return to Normalcy”
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Return to normal life and an isolationist foreign policy after WWI
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Henry Ford
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Creator of the assembly line
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Sports |
made popular by the radio |
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Charles Lindbergh
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Flew solo across Atlantic Ocean
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Harlem Renaissance
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Flourishing of black culture in Harlem- jazz, arts, theatre, literature
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Langston Hughes
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Poet/author in Harlem Renaissance
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Jazz and Louis Armstrong
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Music invented during H.R.- famous Jazz musician
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Flappers
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Stereotypical woman of 1920’s- drank alcohol, danced, short “bobbed” hair, short skirts
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Tin Pan Alley
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Major music production company of the 1920's |
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The Lost Generation,
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Authors who were critical of American consumer culture and life in the 1920s- Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Prohibition
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Made alcohol illegal
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Red Scare
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Fear of communism during the 1920s and 1950s
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Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
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Italian immigrants convicted of murder and executed during 1920’s- illustrates fear of immigrants and nativism.
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Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924
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Restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia- led by NATIVISTS
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Nativists |
Anti-Immigrants- "America is for "Real Americans"" |
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Religious fundamentalism
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Religion based on strict interpretations of a holy book (Bible, Koran, Torah)
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The Scopes “Monkey” Trial
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Teacher prosecuted for teaching evolution- found guiltyShowed Illustrated SCIENCE VS. RELIGION & rural vs. urban
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On-margin buying
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Borrowing money to buy stocks- major cause of stock market crash and Great Depression
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Overproduction
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Producing more products than needed- major cause of the Great Depression.
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Imperialism
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Taking over land that does not touch your country to get natural resources, navy bases, and markets to sell products
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Foreign Policy
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Idea that drives how the United States deals with other countries
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“Big Stick” Diplomacy
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TR’s foreign policy- countries in Latin America will do what US wants or face the “Big Stick” (the US Navy)
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Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
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If any European country interferes in Latin America, they will have to fight the United States (Navy)- Police Powers
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Panama Canal
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Built by TR and US. TR encouraged Panama to break away from Columbia when Columbia refused to let US build it.
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Open Door Policy in China
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Policy enforced by US Navy that any country could do business in any part of China (No more “spheres of influence”)
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Yellow Journalism
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Exaggerating newspaper stories in order to increase sales- USS MAINE EXPLODING IN CUBA BLAMED ON SPANISH
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Spanish-American War
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War between US and Spain- took place in Cuba when after USS Maine exploded newspapers claimed Spain did it. US won and got- the Philippines, Guam, Cuba and Puerto Rico
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Phillipines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico |
US gets these countries by winning Spanish American War |
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Philippine-American War
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Philippines fought the United States for freedom from the US
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U.S. Neutrality
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Foreign policy in years before WWI. (AKA Isolationist)
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The Lusitania
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British ship sunk by German U-boats. 129 Americans died. Outraged helped cause US to get into WWI
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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German u-boats sinking any non-German ship in the Atlantic Ocean, a cause of WWI.
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Zimmerman Note
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Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico claiming if Mex. Attacked US, Germany would help Mexico get back Texas, New Mexico, AZ and California- helped cause US to enter WWI.
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Central vs. Allied Powers
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Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire vs. US, Great Britain, Russia, France
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Western vs. Eastern Fronts
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Western- In France, Trenches, TanksEastern- In Russia, lots of Russian deaths
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Total War
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All aspects of life in a country going towards winning a war (women working, factories making war equipment, rationing, etc.)
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Lenin’s Bolshevik Revolution
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Communist revolution in Russia led by Lenin, Tsar Nicholas killed, Lenin takes over, pulls Russia out of WWI, changes Russia to USSR, US backs Nicholas in Russian civil war.
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Ration stamps
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Stamps that allowed citizens to buy a limited amount of goods so that resources could go toward winning the war.
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Victory Gardens
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Planted by US citizens in their yards so that food could go to soldiers
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Eugene Debs
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Union guy, spoke out against US in WWI, convicted under the Espionage and Sedition Act and sentenced to 10 years in prison for expressing his beliefs in a public speech
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Espionage and Sedition Acts
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Controversial law- made it illegal to speak out against war- limited freedom of speech.
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Schenck v. US (1919)
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Schenck criticized draft, prosecuted under Espionage and Sedition Act b/c his speech created a clear danger to the draft program in the US during a state of war.
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Great Migration
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African-Americans escaping the Jim Crow south and moving north for factory jobs during WWI.
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Mobilization and the WIB
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War Industries Board was in charge of mobilizing factories to make war goods (think tanks) rather than consumer goods (refrigerators)
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Propaganda and the CPI
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Committee on Public Information- created propaganda to promote the war.
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Selective Service Act
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Created the draft for all males over 18
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points
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Wilson’s ideas for a lasting peace after WWI- no alliances, freedom of seas, end of imperialism, self determination of countries, League of Nations to prevent future wars
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Treaty of Versailles
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Treaty that ended WWI, ignored Wilson’s 14 points, punished Germany harshly with reparations and vastly reduced military- US SENATE NEVER SIGNS TREATY OF VERSAILLES- opposition led by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
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League of Nations
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Group of countries who met together to use diplomacy (discussions) to work out differences rather than go to war. Meant to prevent another world war. US NEVER JOINS LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
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protective tariff
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A tax on imports to protect American companies from cheaper foreign products
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laissez faire
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The government keeping out of business- no regulations or laws on how businesses operate
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patent
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A legal protection of an inventor’s invention or idea so no one can steal it
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Thomas Edison
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Inventor of the lightbulb, phonograph, etc.
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Bessemer Process
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A process to make steel lighter and cheaper- invented by Henry Bessemer
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Time Zones
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Created to coordinate train times across the US
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Monopoly
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Having complete control of one industry or product
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John D. Rockefeller
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Oil industry monopoly- (dig through rock to get to oil) (That oil ‘feller)
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Horizontal integration
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Having a monopoly of one part of an industry (owning all fast food restaurants)
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Trust
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Synonym for monopoly
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Andrew Carnegie
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Steel industry monopolist- In Pittsburgh
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Social Darwinism
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Idea that the wealthy were rich b/c they were naturally better and poor were poor b/c they were lazy and dumb
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ICC
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Interstate Commerce Commission, set up to regulate railroads, set prices for shipping, etc.
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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1st ever anti-monopoly laws- made trusts illegal- not enforced
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Sweatshops
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Factories that treated their workers badly
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company town
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Town where workers lived and bought everything they owned from company store, lived in company apartments
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collective bargaining
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Workers creating a union and bargaining with their employers for better pay, working conditions, etc.
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Knights of Labor
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Largest labor union- allowed skilled and unskilled workers (think of an unskilled knight)
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Samuel Gompers
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Started the American Federation of Labor |
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AFL
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American Federation of Labor- skilled labor union led by Samuel Gompers
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Haymarket Riot
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Union riot in Chicago that turned violent- public opinion turned against labor unions
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Homestead Strike
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Strike at Carnegies Homestead factory in Pittsburgh- several people killed, Carnegie calls in armed guards, workers lost strike
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Pullman Strike
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Strike at Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago- turned violent, many workers died, President Cleveland sent in federal troops to end the strike, strikes spread across the country.
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Wounded Knee |
Last of the Indian Wars- Knee hurt too bad to keep fighting |
