Us History Ch. 12 Manifest Destiny

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Manifest Destiny

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the idea that America was providentially ordained to possess the North American continent

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Marcus and Narcissa Whitman

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missionaries to the Indians of the Northwest; were murdered by the Indians because the Whitmans were trying to change the Indian's ways and leading other settlers into the area which angered the Indians

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Stephen F. Austin

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led the first of many land-hungry American settlers into Texas

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Sam Houston

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led the fight against Santa Anna that won Texas her independence from Mexico

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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

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fought Texans and Americans in Texas in an effort to expel the American pioneers from Texas

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Alamo

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small, catholic mission in San Antonio where Texans stood against Santa Anna's army and were slaughtered but became the rallying cry for Texans

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Battle of San Jacinto

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brief but bloody battle where enraged Texans shouting "Remember the Alamo" defeated Santa Anna's army and forced the dictator to sign a treaty recognizing Texan independence

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Republic of Texas

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ten-year history of independence for Texas where they were neither part of Mexico or part of the United States

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Oregon Trail

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the most important trail in the settlement of the far West

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Santa Fe Trail

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a trade route between Mexico and the United States

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Mormon Trail

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blazed by the Mormons when they fled from Nauvoo, Illinois to Salt Lake City in 1846-47

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John Tyler

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vice-president who became president at the death of President William AHenry Harrison; became known as "his Accidency" by the Whig who were displeased with his policies

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Henry Clay

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real head of the Whig party who declared "Tyler dares not resist me. I will drive him before me."

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Daniel Webster

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remained in Tyler's cabinet after everyone else resigned because he was in the middle of negotiations with Britain over the border of Maine

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Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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settlement of the Maine boundary dispute between the United States and Britain

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"dark horse"

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a candidate who is largely unknown by the general public

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James K. Polk

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"dark horse" candidate for President for the Democratic party; ran on a platform of "reoccupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of Texas"

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Liberty Party

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antislavery party; third party that arose to protest the admission of Texas as a slave state

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joint resolution

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act of Congress that required only a simple majority in both houses rather than the two-thirds majority in the Senate

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Mexican War (1846-48)

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climax and the most violent phase of Manifest Destiny; American desire for California coupled with difficulties over Texas plunged the United States into war with Mexico

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Zachary Taylor

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hero of the Mexican War who won in northern Mexico

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Battle of Buena Vista

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narrow American victory in northern Mexico against overwhelming odds

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Stephen Kearny

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led a fore of 1,500 men who captured New Mexico

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John C. Fremont

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explorer known as "the Path-finder of the West"; sided with the Bear Flag Republic in California against Mexico

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Bear Flag Republic

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settlers in California who revolted against Mexico and formed this republic

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Winfield Scott

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led the Mexican campaign was one of the most brilliant in American military history; captured Mexico City

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Vera Cruz

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Mexican port captured by Scott in less than three weeks

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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Mexican cession of New Mexico and California

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Gadsden Purchase

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purchase from Mexico, a chunk of territory bordering the southwestern United States for $10 million; filled out the continental United States to its current boundaries and was, in many ways, the climax of Manifest Destiny

Front 30

Name two characteristics of Oregon that attracted settlers to that region. (any two)

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abundant land, fertile soil, mild climate

Front 31

Why did Andrew Jackson refuse to annex Texas?

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He feared annexation might spark a war with Mexico and many antislavery advocates opposed it.

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List at least three causes of the Mexican War. (any three)

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1. Mexican resentment over U.S. annexation of Texas
2. American desires for California and New Mexico
3. a history of hostility between the two nations
4. the failure of negotiations concerning texas, California, and New Mexico
5. a dispute over the Texas-Mexico border

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What were three results of the Mexican War? (any three)

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1. the United States received Texas to the Rio Grande as well as New Mexico and California
2. Mexico received $15 million
3. the United States assumed all debts owed to American citizens by Mexico
4. more than twelve hundred Americans died
5. more than two hundred officers received experience that they would use in the Civil War