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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
15th amendment
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gave black men the right to vote
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19th amendment
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gave women the right to vote
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Colonial suffrage
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only white males who were landowners could vote
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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organized judicial branch into 13 district courts, appeals courts, and Supreme court; made John Jay first Supreme Court chief justice
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Federalists
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led by Alexander Hamilton; loose interpretation of Constitution; centralized govt; pro-tariff, pro-national bank, pro-business, pro-british,
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Whiskey Rebellion
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govt sent troops to Pittsburgh to establish law and order where rebellions were occuring; established legitimacy of federal govt authority
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Hamilton's economic plan
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1) create national bank, 2) assume states' debt from revolutionary war, 3) tariff to put tax on imported goods - helped northern economy
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Jeffersonian Republicans (anti-federalists)
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strict interpretation of the constitution, wanted bill of rights, weak central government, pro-agriculture, pro-french, anti-tariff, anti-credit, anti-national bank, political power to common man
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Alien and Sedition Act
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against the law to publish/say anything "malicious, false, scandalous" about the US; used to hush Jeffersonian republicans
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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TJ and Madison's response to Alien and Sedition acts; brought up policy of nullification (states rights)
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Louisiana Purchase
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Napoleon sold Jefferson the Louisiana territory for $15million; went against Jefferson's principles of strict interpretation of Constitution
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Marbury v Madison 1803
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John Marshall declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional; established principle of judicial review (judicial branch has power to make null legislative laws/exec acts)
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Judicial review
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the judicial branch can declare a law by the legislative branch of act by exec branch null and void
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Laissez-faire
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policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the economy
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election of 1800
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Jefferson won the presidency; established political parties
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12th amendment
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electors vote separately for Pres and VP; to avoid problem of election of 1800
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Washington's Farewell address
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warned against political parties, sectionalism, and entangling alliances
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embargo of 1807
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hoping to avoid war, Jefferson asks Congress to pass embargo; only hurts US- South (tobacco/cotton) and New England (unemployment); made TJ very unpopular
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Chesapeake incident
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British tried to impress American naval ship; Jefferson passed embargo to avoid war
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Jay's treaty
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Jay negotiated neutrality treaty with England to protect commerce
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Pinckney's treaty
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established boundary of US at Mississippi river; between Spain and US
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Treaty of Greenville
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12 Native American nations gave up lands of Ohio and Indiana in exchange for yearly sums of $10k
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Tecumseh
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called for a return to traditional Native American ways; wanted to remove white influence- defeated by Harrison at Battle of Tippacanoe
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Treaty of Ghent
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ended War of 1812; no lands exchanged; neither claimed victory; US gave up claim to Canada
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War Hawks
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Henry Clay, Calhoun; those who clamored for war
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Reasons for War of 1812
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1) British trade restrictions hurt S/W farmers, 2) impressment of sailors, 3) to prove American neutrality, 4) settle clashes with Native Americans on the frontier
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American System
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system created by Henry Clay that favored national bank, tariff, and internal improvements
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Steamboats
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invented by Robert Fulton; enabled river travel while carrying more cargo than ever before
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Erie Canal
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gave NY direct access to markets in the west to Chicago
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Monroe Doctrine
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US might go to war to prevent European colonies from being created in Latin America; hard to enforce
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Panic of 1819
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Second Bank of US called back loans to western banks; US bank lost money, wildcat banks closed, speculators were foreclosed on --> land went back to federal government
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McCulloch v Maryland
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Congress has power to create banks; federal government > state government - therefore MD bank cannot tax federal bank
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Nullification
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John Calhoun of SC wrote an exposition arguing that states had a right to nullify unconstitutional laws (like VA and KY resolutions)
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Tariff of Abominations
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Calhoun said tariffs are unconstitutional because they protect economy of one region and hurt another's
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Spoils system
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Jackson rewarded political supporters with federal jobs
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Election of 1832
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National nominating convention replaced caucus system (only elite)
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Pet banks
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Jackson opposed the Second National Bank; pulled govt deposites and placed them in smaller "pet banks"
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Missouri Compromise 1820
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Missouri admitted as slave state, Maine as free state; established line of 36'30 - slave states to south, free states to north
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Trail of Tears
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Jackson and state of Georgia forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees to Oklahoma; many died from disease/starvation
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Alexis de Tocqueville
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French political philosopher who wrote about Democracy in America and how well it worked
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election of 1840
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Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!); died from pneumonia, succeeded by Tyler
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Prohibition
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significantly reduced national alcohol consumption; alienated Europeans who were accustomed to drinking; led to organized crime (Al Capone)
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Emergency Quota Act 1921
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Congress said each country could only send 3% of their population; later made it 2%
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Wagner Act
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legalized practices such as closed shops where only union members could work
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CCC
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Civilian Conservation Corps; gave jobs to male workers in forests, beaches, parks
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TVA
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Tennessee Valley Authority; helped farmers and created jobs in a poor area
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AAA
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Agricultural Adjustment Act; attempted to raise farm prices by paying farmers to lower output
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FDIC
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; insures all deposites in banks up to 100k
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"fireside chats"
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FDR's weekly radio address explaining programs of New Deal to the public
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FDR
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fought Great Depression with New Deal programs; battle Congress over Supreme Court control; proved strong leader during WWII
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Great Depression
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millions of Americans were jobless; banks closed shortly after; farm prices dropped to very low
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Fair Labor Standard Act 1938
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established federal minimum wage and maximum weekly hours
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Huey Long
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gov of Louisiana who worked to help the underpriviliged and black gain education; wanted to redistribute wealth $5000 to every American family
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Tehran Conference
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Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met for the first time; Stalin agreed to enter the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific after the European hostilities were over
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Battle of the Stalingrad
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heavy losses on both sides, Allied win in Soviet Union
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Battle of the Bulge
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Germans launched huge counter attack in Luxembourg and Belgium
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Battle of Britain
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Germans bombed Great Britain
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Blitzkreig
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lighting war; modeled after Schlieflin plan in WWI
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Fascism
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importance of the nation or an ethnic group; Germany, Italy, and Japan ruled by fascists in WWII
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Non-aggression pact
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Hitler neutralized Soviet Union by signing this pact with Stalin
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Joseph Stalin
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worked with Roosevelt and Churchill in WWII; bceame an aggressive participant in the Cold War afterwards
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Treaty of Versailles
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agreement in 1919 ending WWI, included huge war reparations to be paid by Germany to the Allies --> caused economic hardship in Germany
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V-J day
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Victory in Japan Day- formal surrender agreement
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Korematsu v. US 1944
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ruled that executive order given by president to relocate all Japanese was indeed under Congress's power to declare war
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Rationing
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policy during WWII of distributing goods in an fixed amount with coupons
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Yalta Conference
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Churchill, FDR, and Stalin met to decide world map after WWII- 1) Soviet Union got some Pacific territory, 2) created United Nations with 5 permanent members, 3) disagreed at Poland, 4) disagreed about Germany- maintained zones of occupation
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Women Army Corp
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organization of women who volunteered for military service in WWII, used in all areas except combat
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