U.s History 3-5

Front 1

Indentured Servants

Back 1

Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years. Their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlement. (69) (Chapter 4)

Front 2

Headright system

Back 2

Employed in the Tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborer’s passage to the colony. (70) (Chapter 4)

Front 3

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Back 3

Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley’s refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite. (74) (Chapter 4)

Front 4

middle passage

Back 4

Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies. Mortality rates were notoriously high. (74) (Chapter 4)

Front 5

Congregational Church

Back 5

Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican Church. (82) (Chapter 4)

Front 6

Half-Way Covenant (1662)

Back 6

Agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. It signified a waning of religious zeal among second and third generation Puritans. (83) (Chapter 4)

Front 7

Salem witch trials (1692-1693)

Back 7

Series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women of the town. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. (84) (Chapter 4)

Front 8

Leisler’s Rebellion (1689-1691)

Back 8

Armed conflict between aspiring merchants led by Jacob Leisler and the ruling elite of New York. One of many uprisings that erupted across the colonies when wealthy colonists attempted to recreate European social structures in the New World. (86) (Chapter 4)

Front 9

Paxton Boys (1764)

Back 9

Armed march on Philadelphia by Scotts-Irish frontiersmen in protest against the Quaker establishment’s lenient policies toward Native Americans. (90) (Chapter 5)

Front 10

Molasses Act (1737)

Back 10

Tax on imported Molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies. It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling. (96) (Chapter 5)

Front 11

Arminianism

Back 11

Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of God’s grace. Different from Calvinism, which emphasizes predestination and unconditional election. (98) (Chapter 5)

Front 12

Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s)

Back 12

Religious revival that swept the colonies. Participating ministers, most notably Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality. A Second Great Awakening arose in the nineteenth century. (98) (Chapter 5)

Front 13

Zenger trial (1734-1735)

Back 13

New York libel case against John Peter Zenger. Established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel. (103) (Chapter 5)

Front 14

Edict of Nantes (1598)

Back 14

Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in 1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America. (109) (Chapter 6)

Front 15

Albany Congress (1754)

Back 15

Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French. (117) (Chapter 6)

Front 16

Proclamation of 1763

Back 16

Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac’s uprising, prohibiting settlement beyond the Appalachians. Contributed to rising resentment of British rule in the American colonies. (122) (Chapter 6)

Front 17

William Berkely

Back 17

Virginia’s Governor whom bacon rebelled against.

Front 18

John Singleton Copley

Back 18

Famous American Painter.

Front 19

Phillis Wheatley

Back 19

First published African American poet.

Front 20

John Peter Zenger

Back 20

German-American Printer, publisher, editor. Etc.

Front 21

Samuel De Champlain:

Back 21

Founded france and quebec city.

Front 22

Edward Braddoc

Back 22

British Soldier and commander and chief.

Front 23

William Pitt

Back 23

Statesmen who led the british during the French and Indian war.