U.s History

Front 1

U.S Hisotry

Back 1

101

Front 2

What events impelled the U.S. to go to war against Spain in 1898? Who were the proponents of American

Back 2

Spain breaks of diplomatic relationships the sever depression of 1893; to liberate Cuba, a Spanish, colony. Henry Cabot Lodge, senator from Massachusetts Theodore Roosevelt, secretary of the navy and captain Alfred Mahan. Wanted war.

Front 3

Why did some Americans support expansionism? Why did some oppose it? What roles did President William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt play?

Back 3

to expand and protect its trade markets overseas, capture valuable mineral deposits and acquire land that is good for agriculture. Create more conflicts and wars in Asia. Mckinley tried to avert but reluctantly accepted the war; Roosevelt strongy supported the war---deem as a hero

Front 4

What was the anti-imperialist league?

Back 4

was an organization established in the United States on June 15, 1898 to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area.

Front 5

Teller Amendment

Back 5

pledging U.S not to annex Cuba, those who opposed American Imperialism.

Front 6

Platt Amendment

Back 6

the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, to provide coaling or naval stations at certain specified points

Front 7

Who were the Progressives? What changes did they want to make?

Back 7

Roosevelt: Meat inspection Act;Heburn act to regulate rail roads and pipelines, a pure food and drug act. Taft: mann elkins act, put telephone and telegrah systems under regulation of the interstate commerce commission. Wilson: federal trade commission was to control growth of monopolies and the federal reserve act to regulate the country's money and banking system. Taft: proposed the 16 amdt , allowing graduated income tax and the 17th amendt, providing for the election of senators directly by popular vote instead of legislatures, as the original const provided.

Front 8

What sorts of changes in society and politics did women reformers strive for during the Progressive Era?

Back 8

Early feminist, the right to vote.

Front 9

Marxism.

Back 9

COMMUNISM (MARXISM): A DOCTRINE THAT ALL PROPERTY AND MEANS OF PRODUCTION SHOULD BE SHARED BY THE PEOPLE. A SYSTEM OF STATE CONTROL OF THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN SOME COUNTRIES.

KEY FIGURE WAS A GERMAN NAMED KARL MARX, WHO, WITH HIS ASSOCIATE ENGELS, BELIEVED THAT HISTORY WAS PROPELLED BY CLASS STRUGGLE. “MARXISTS” WERE ATHEISTIC, BELIEVED THAT CAPITALISM WAS DOOMED TO FAILURE AND THAT THE WORKERS WOULD RISE IN A PROLETARIAN REVOLUTION THAT WOULD ELIMINATE CLASSES AND LEAD TO A ONE-CLASS ADMINISTRATION OF THINGS. ALMOST WITHOUT EXCEPTION MARXIST REGIMES OF THE 20TH CENTURY WERE REPRESSIVE, NON-EGALITARIAN, AND RIDDLED WITH SECRET POLICE APPARATUS (DOMESTIC SPYING) AND PERSECUTION/TORTURE/MURDER OF DISSIDENTS. “CULTS OF PERSONALITY” OFTEN CAME TO CHARACTERIZE THESE SOCIETIES, WITH AN ICONIC LEADER (STALIN, MAO, KIM JONG IL) STANDING IN FOR A RELIGIOUS HERO.

Front 10

Who were the “Wobblies?” Why did they face such fierce opposition? What tactics did they use to advance their cause?

Back 10

members of a radical labor union believed to practice sabotage and other forms of violence. Class struggle, revolutinary could end war. conspiring to hinder draft,

Front 11

What was the Socialist party platform? Who was the leader of the Socialist party? What did the Socialists try to achieve during the Progressive era?

Back 11

To oppose the war. Leader is Charles schenck. Try to gain votes to embark candidates into office--legislatures--ect

Front 12

Review the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. In what way was Wilson a Progressive? What was Wilson’s attitude toward the trusts? How did he view America’s relation to its neighbors and the world? What were Wilson’s racial views? Why were they important?

Back 12

1913 – REDUCED THE TARIFF (TAX ON IMPORTS), ENACTED A GRADUATED INCOME TAX WHICH TAXED THE WEALTHY FAR MORE THAN THE LESS WELL-TO-DO

CREATED THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD (FEDERAL RESERVE ACT): 12 REGIONAL RESERVE DISTRICTS TO RESPOND WITH LOANS AND CREDIT TO THE LEGITIMATE REQUIREMENTS OF BUSINESS; HELPED THE NATION THROUGH THE FINANCIAL CRISES OF WORLD WAR I.

1914 – FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION: OVERSAW INDUSTRIES ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE, AND CRUSHED MONOPOLIES AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES, FALSE ADVERTISING AND BRIBERY

CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT: EXEMPTED LABOR AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS FROM ANTITRUST PROSECTUIONS UNDER THE SHERMAN ACT, WHILE EXPLICITLY LEGALIZING STRIKES AND PEACEFUL PICKETING. UNION LEADER SAMUEL GOMPERS CALLED IT THE “MAGNA CARTA” OF LABOR (ALTHOUGH CONSERVATIVE JUSTICES LATER CLIPPED THE WINGS OF THE UNION MOVEMENT UNTIL THE 1930’S)

1916 -- WORKINGMEN’S COMPENSATION ACT: GRANTED ASISTANCE TO FEDERAL CIVIL-SERVICE EMPLOYEES DURING PERIODS OF DISABILITY

ACT RESTRICTING CHILD LABOR ON PRODUCTS FLOWING INTO INTERSTATE COMMERCE (ALTHOUGH CONSERVATIVE JUSTICES SOON INVALIDATED THE LAW)

ADAMSON ACT ESTABLISHED 8-HOUR WORKDAY FOR ALL EMPLOYEES ON TRAINS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE, WITH EXTRA PAY FOR OVERTIME

NOMINATED REFORMER LOUIS D. BRANDEIS FOR SUPREME COURT (FIRST JEW TO BE NOMINATED FOR THE HIGH BENCH). BUT WILSON’S PROGRESSIVISM HAD ITS LIMITS, STOPPING SHORT OF BETTER TREATMENT FOR BLACKS. WILSON PRESIDED OVER ACCELERATED SEGREGATION IN THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY.

AND WORLD WAR ONE WOULD DRAMATICALLY CHANGE THE COURSE OF WILSON’S PRESIDENCY.

Front 13

How did the First World War begin? Who were the Allied powers? Who were the Central Powers? What new technologies and weapons emerged that greatly impacted that war and future wars?

Back 13

Germany break diplomatic relationships with the U.S. Telegram message. Germans subs. France and great britain; Germany;

Front 14

Review Wilson’s positions regarding the war, from its onset to our entry into it. Why did the U.S. enter World War One? What did President Wilson hope to achieve by sending American troops “over there?”

Back 14

banking, commerce, powerful forces in industry were healthy, democracy. Stimulate the economy, needed oversea markets

Front 15

Capitalism

Back 15

AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH INVESTMENT IN AND OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCHANGE OF WEALTH IS MADE AND MAINTAINED CHIEFLY BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS OR CORPORATIONS. THEREFORE, A CAPITALIST IS SOMEONE WHO HAS CAPITAL, USUALLY EXTENSIVE CAPITAL, INVESTED IN BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
IN EARLY 20TH C., ECONOMIC LIFE WAS THOUGHT OF IN TERMS OF CAPITALISM VERSUS SOCIALISM. IT WAS BELIEVED BY OUR LEADERS THAT COMPETITION AND PROFIT MOTIVE WOULD DO AS MUCH GOVERNING AND REGULATING AS WAS NECESSARY. BUT THERE IS NO “PURE” CAPITALISM IN THE U.S. “CORPORATE WELFARE” MAINTAINS THE VIABILITY AND PROFIT MARGINS OF MANY CORPORATIONS -- WHILE CAPITALISTS DO NOT HESITATE TO CRY “SOCIALISM” AGAINST PROPOSALS OF RENT CONTROL, PUBLIC HOUSING, OR NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE.

Front 16

Socialism

Back 16

: A POLITICAL SYSTEM WHICH ADVOCATES PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF INDUSTRIES, RESOURCES, AND TRANSPORT. VARIOUS SOCIALIST PARTIES EMERGED IN EUROPE DURING THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES. SOCIALIST IDEAS AND GOVERNMENTS APPEARED IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES IN THE LATTER HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
EARLY IN THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE UNITED STATES, THE SPA (SOCIALIST PARTY OF AMERICA), FOUNDED BY EUGENE V. DEBS, HAD A SIGNIFICANT MEMBERSHIP. BUT COULDN’T DECIDE ON HOW RADICAL TO BECOME, AND WAS ATTACKED BY WOODROW WILSON DURING WORLD WAR I. WILSONIAN ANTI-SOCIALISM LED TO “RED SCARE” ATTACKS ON SUSPECTED SUBSERVIVES AND IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. DURING THE POST-WORLD WAR I YEARS.

Front 17

What was the experience of the IWW during the war? What was the experience of the Socialists?

Back 17

They were arrested if they oppose the war. They were alienated and send trial, struggle in class,

Front 18

How did U.S. propagandists inspire anti-German feelings during the war

Back 18

george creel a veteran newspaper man was the propagandist for the war, committee on public official propagandist

Front 19

How did the U.S. deal with the threat of German submarines?

Back 19

Wilson press his policies of neutrality while seeking to negotiate a settlement.

Front 20

How did U.S. propagandists inspire anti-German feelings during the war

Back 20

george creel a veteran newspaper man was the propagandist for the war, committee on public official propagandist

Front 21

How did the U.S. deal with the threat of German submarines?

Back 21

Wilson press his policies of neutrality while seeking to negotiate a settlement.

Front 22

Why did the U.S. not enter the League of Nations? What were the consequences of our failure to do so?

Back 22

A republican c controlled U.S senate refuse--left out negotiations --Wilson refuses to ratify the treaty. U.S will not be in complete control. Did not accomplished world peace

Front 23

How were civil liberties abused in the U.S. during World War One, and afterwards?

Back 23

assive government propaganda campaign, Congress passed laws designed to silence dissent. Newspapers were censored, politicians were jailed, and mobs attacked those suspected of disloyalty.
encouraging patriotic support for the war effort

Front 24

What were the Fourteen Points? How did they go over at the Versailles Peace talks after the war? How were they and the League of Nations accepted by the American public?

Back 24

Open covenants arrived at and the abolition of secret treaties
Absolute freedom of the seas
Removal of all economic trade barriers and establishment of equal trade conditions
4. Reduction of all national armaments to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety
5. Recognition of the principle of self determination
unembarrassed opportunity” for Russia to determine its own political institutions
10. Autonomous development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary, the Balkans and the Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire
13. Creation of a Polish state assured of free and secure access to the sea
A general association of nations must be formed…for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.” (in other words, what became the League of Nations, the forerunner to our current United Nations. The United States did not enter the League of Nations.)
Liberal attempts to settle the way. Germany is required to admit guilt and return the rich Alsace Lorraine region to France and pay reparations that total 32 billion. American people accepted the LON

Front 25

What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)? Who was George Creel? Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?

Back 25

To persuade Americans that the war was right.Massive effort to excite a reluctant public. A veteran newspaper man became the govs, official propagandist for the war. Palmer was attorney general--rounded up aliens for deportation.

Front 26

What elements led to xenophobia in the U.S. during the 1920’s? How did immigration policies reflect the mood in the country at this time?

Back 26

An explosion in front Palmer's home--immigrants who opposed organized government and advocated the destruction of property--thats when the law passed. Socialist and communist invasion--

Front 27

What was the “Red Scare?” How did it manifest itself in the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

Back 27

Socialist, communist and political radicalism: Bombs mailed to Americans. The were sentenced to death, for being foreigners and anarchist

Front 28

Why did the Ku Klux Klan rise again? What led to its downfall?

Back 28

New Immigration laws.

Front 29

How did American culture come alive in the 1920’s? What were the key events?

Back 29

Jazz Age,Unemployment was down, manufacturing went up per capita,

Front 30

 Who supported Prohibition? What were the effects of Prohibition?

Back 30

President Herbert Hoover; religious groups,rise of organized crime

Front 31

 Who were the popular entertainers and athletes of the Roaring Twenties? Who were the heroes of the era? Who were the tragic victims?

Back 31

Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey

Front 32

 How did the careers of Jack Dempsey and Babe Ruth both reflect and define the “roaring twenties”?

Back 32

prosperity

Front 33

 How would you characterize the Republican presidencies of the 1920’s? Who benefited the most from those administrations? How did they inadvertently lead the U.S. into disaster in 1929?

Back 33

Progressive--the rich benefited most from these administrations. Unhealthy corporations unsound foreign trade.

Front 34

 What did FDR do about Prohibition? What were his “Brain Trusters”?

Back 34

What did FDR do about Prohibition

Front 35

 What was the Bonus Army? What happened to it?

Back 35

veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who protested in Washington, D.C., in the spring and summer of 1932: demand for immediate cash-payment redemption of their service certificates by retired

Front 36

 How did the Great Depression affect blacks and other minorities? How did the New Deal help them?

Back 36

They were alienated by society--first ones to get fired and last one to get benefits. Fair employment practice committee, it was psych encouraging.

Front 37

 Who supported Prohibition? What were the effects of Prohibition?

Back 37

President Herbert Hoover; religious groups,rise of organized crime

Front 38

 Who were the popular entertainers and athletes of the Roaring Twenties? Who were the heroes of the era? Who were the tragic victims?

Back 38

Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey

Front 39

 How did the careers of Jack Dempsey and Babe Ruth both reflect and define the “roaring twenties”?

Back 39

prosperity

Front 40

 How would you characterize the Republican presidencies of the 1920’s? Who benefited the most from those administrations? How did they inadvertently lead the U.S. into disaster in 1929?

Back 40

Progressive--the rich benefited most from these administrations. Unhealthy corporations unsound foreign trade.

Front 41

 What were the most powerful symbols of the Great Depression? How did the Americans cope with the economic collapse?

Back 41

c

Front 42

 What were President Franklin Roosevelt’s first acts upon his inauguration in 1933 to combat the Depression? How did the New Deal attempt to reconstruct economic life in America?

Back 42

x

Front 43

 What did FDR do about Prohibition? What were his “Brain Trusters”?

Back 43

What did FDR do about Prohibition

Front 44

 What was the Bonus Army? What happened to it?

Back 44

veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who protested in Washington, D.C., in the spring and summer of 1932: demand for immediate cash-payment redemption of their service certificates by retired

Front 45

 How did the Great Depression affect blacks and other minorities? How did the New Deal help them?

Back 45

They were alienated by society--first ones to get fired and last one to get benefits. Fair employment practice committee, it was psych encouraging.

Front 46

 What were “alphabet soup” agencies?

Back 46

x