Urinary Tract Pathology

Front 1

Where is the most common site of disease in the urinary tract?

Back 1

Bladder

Front 2

What are the histological layers of the urinary tract?

Back 2

Inside to outside:

Uroepithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis propria
Perivesicle fat

Front 3

What kind of epithelium is foundin the ureoepithelium?

Back 3

Transitional

Front 4

What are the components of the lamina propria?

Back 4

Storma

Muscularis mucosae

Front 5

What is anothername for the muscularis propria?

Back 5

Detrusor muscle

Front 6

What makes a cancer of the urinary tract invasive?

Back 6

Invasion through the basement membrane

Front 7

What are various causes of bladder inflammation?

Back 7

Bacterial: Gram -'s; 85%
Viral, fungal
Parasitic: SCHISTO!
Radiation

Front 8

What commonly precedes upper urinary tract infections?

Back 8

Cystitis

Front 9

What is interstitial cystitis? Who commonly gets it?

Back 9

Persistent, painful chronic cystitis

Women

Front 10

What is a benign proliferative lesion of the bladder? What does it look like?

Back 10

von Brunn's nest

Uroepithelium within the lamina propria

Front 11

What is cystitis cystica?

Back 11

Cystic change within von Brunn's nests

Front 12

What is the most common cause of benign prolierative lesions, Brunn's nests, and cystitis cystica?

Back 12

Inflammation

Front 13

What is metaplasia of the bladder? What causes it?

Back 13

Transition of uroepithelium to a different kind of epithelium

Inflammation

Front 14

What are the different types of metaplasia that occur in the bladder?

Which is the rarest?

Back 14

Squamous
Gladular
Nephrogenic: rarest

Front 15

If someone has gross, painless hematuria, what should you do?

Back 15

WORK THEM UP!

YOU CANNOT MISS THIS.

Front 16

What is the most common bladder/urinary tract tumor?

Back 16

Urothelial carcinoma

Front 17

What chemicals are extremely correlated with urothelial carcinoma? What industries commonly use these?

Back 17

2-napthylamine
Benzidine

Textiles
Dye
Rubber

Front 18

What is the effect of tobacco exposure and exposure to urothelial carcongens?

Back 18

Synergistic

Front 19

What popuations are at high risk for urothelial carcinoma?

Back 19

Non-hispanic white males

Not asians

Front 20

How do people with urothelial carcinoma present/

Back 20

Hematuria!

Dysuria

Front 21

What are the different kinds of urothelial carcinoma?

Back 21

Papillary

Flat

Front 22

What is the definition of urothelial carcinoma in situ?

Back 22

Noninvasive
High grade
Flat

Front 23

What is the effect of nontreatment of CIS?

Back 23

Invasive cancer within 5 years

Front 24

If a papillary urocarcinoma is low grade, what is the likelihood that it invades the surrounding tissue?

Back 24

Low chance!

Front 25

What is the architecture of papillary urothelial carcinomas?

Back 25

They've got a papillary architecture

Front 26

What is the likelihood of recurrence of papillary carcinomas?

Back 26

They recur all the time: most expensive tumor to have, almost, because they come back with such high frequency

Front 27

What is the staging system for urothelial carcinomas?

Back 27

Stage 1: into the lamina propria
Stage 2:into the muclea propria
Stage 3:past the muscle into the fat
Stage 4: invading other places in the body

Front 28

What differentiates a superficial s. a invasive bladder carcinoma?

Why is the distinction important?

Back 28

Superfiical: inside the detrusor

Invasive: past the detrusor

You treat it differently if there's invasion.

Superficial: intravesicle treatment: take them out, still, but that's it

Invasive: radical cystectomy with/without chemo

Front 29

If someone has traveled to the middle east and develops bladder problems, obscure cause should come to mind?

Back 29

Schistosoma hematobium

Front 30

What is a rare cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?

Back 30

Schistosomoma hematobium