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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2nd most common bacterial disease
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UTI
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exposure to bacteria for UTI comes from
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introduction via urethra
blood stream or lymph catheterization sexual intercourse use of diaphragm, jellies, condoms, feminine hygiene products, tampons, etc chemical composition of urine holding it, not emptying, BPH hygiene practice-too much, too little, wiping back to front |
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s/s UTI
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frequency, urgency, dysuria
pain, foul smell pyuria (pus), hematuria flank pain, n/v, fever Elderly-c/o malaise, abd. discomfort, incr in confusion |
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diagnosis of UTI
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UA, UA C&S
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care for UTI
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antimicrobial therapy
urinary analgesics (Urised, Pyridium) fluids, 2-3 L/day |
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care for uncomplicated UTI
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antibiotic for 1-3 days (Bactrim, Septra, Macrodandin)
incr fluid intake urinary analgesics pure cranberry juice or pills no caffeine, alcohol, OJ choc, spicy foods |
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teaching for UTI
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take all antibiotics
appropriate hygiene emptying bladder before & after sex fluid intake avoid harsh soaps |
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inflammation of renal pelvis & parechyma by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or viruses from ascending infection of lower tract
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pyelonephritis
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causes of pyelonephritis
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congenital
bladder tumors BPH stricture stones pregnancy urosepsis |
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s/s pyelonephritis
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mild fatigue to chills
fever vomiting malaise flank pain, CVA tenderness on affected side, pyuria bacteriuria left shift |
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care for pyelonephritis
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no IVP or CT - contrast could spread it
watch for urosepsis prevent septic shock treat empirically @ first, then go with C&S Bactrim, Septra, Cipro, Floxin Fluids, NSAIDs, urinary analgesics, repeat C&S UA & blood cultures |
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inflammation of kidney due to immunologic process
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glomerulonephritis
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s/s of glomerulonephritis
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edema
hematuria HTN oliguria, proteinuria pain, CVA tenderness fatigue |
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occurs mostly in children & young adults 3 wks after untreated or inadequately treated strep infection of skin or pharynx
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acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)
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s/s APSGN
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edema (initially eyes then ascites or peripheral edema)
smoky urine due to bleeding proteinuria HTN flank pain COULD BE ASYMPTOMATIC |
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diagnosing APSGN
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UA (incr RBC & proteinuria)
CBC, BUN, serum creatinine, albumin elevated ASO titer renal bx to confirm |
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treatment of APSGN
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rest
restrict NA & fluid intake give diuretics restrict protein if elevated BUN antibiotics if strep still present antihypertensives |
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prevention of APSGN
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good personal hygiene for cutaneous infections
treat sore throats promptly with full antibiotic course |
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clinical course assoc w/ numerouse diseases (primary glomerular disease, DM, lupus, syphilis, hepatitis, HIV, malaria, Hodgkin's leukemias
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Nephrotic syndrome
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s/s Nephrotic syndrome
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peripheral edema
massive proteinuria hyperlipidemia-fat bodies in urine hypoalbuminemia altered immune response hypercoagulability w/thromboembolism-40% chance hypocalcemia proteinuria with edema, ascites, anasarca (gen body swelling) |
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tx for nephrotic syndrome
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relieve edema & cure or control primary disease
steroids DM management anticoagulant x6 months |
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nsg mgmt for nephrotic syndrome
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daily weight
I&O measure abdominal girth or extremity size avoid trauma (lift sheets) maintain nourishment serve small, freq meals avoid exposure to infection reverse isolation |
