Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which kidney is slightly lower than the other?
|
Right kidney is lower than the left
|
|
What is the location of the kidneys in relation to the spinal vertebrae?
|
From T12-L3 in the retroperitoneal cavity.
|
|
How much urine is extreted by the kidneys per day
|
1-2 L per day
|
|
What is the function of the kidneys?
|
Removes wastes and maintains fluid and electrolyte levels
|
|
What hormones do the kidneys excrete?
|
Epinephrine and cortical hormones which affect blood pressure.
|
|
The urinary system is composed of ?
|
2 kidneys
2 ureters 1 bladder 1 urethra |
|
How much do the kidneys move with breathing?
|
1/2 -1.5"
|
|
What is the prep for bladder exams?
|
Empty bladder, use foot and shoulder boards, use 30-100ml contrast
|
|
How long before kidneys blush?
|
At pelvicalceal within 2-8 minutes (nephrogram phase)
|
|
How much time before the major concentration of contrast is in kidneys?
|
15-20 minutes.
|
|
Are there more or less calyces than pyramids inthe kidney?
|
Less calyces than pyramids in kidneys.
|
|
What is another name for the nephron loop?
|
Loop of Henle
|
|
What is the essential microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney?
|
Nephrons (about 1 million)
|
|
What is another name for the Bowman's capsule?
|
Glomerular capsule
|
|
What is micturation?
|
urination
|
|
Desire to micturate is felt with how much urine in bladder?
|
250 ml
|
|
What is the maximum amount of urine that the adult bladder can hold?
|
500ml
|
|
Name of the triangular area between 3 orifices of the bladder?
|
Trigone
|
|
Name the 3 parts of the male urethra.
|
Prostatic, membranous, spongy.
|
|
Outer portion of the kidney is called?
|
Cortex
|
|
Inner portion of the kidney is called?
|
Medulla
|
|
Name the portion of the kidney that collects urine and attaches to the proximal ureters.
|
Renal pelvis
|
|
What is the name for enlargement of the prostate?
|
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
(BPH) |
|
Another name for a stone is?
|
Calculus
|
|
What is a polycistic kidney?
|
A massive enlargement of the kidney with cycts
|
|
What is renal hypertension?
|
Increased blood pressure to the kidneys
|
|
What is a childhood abdominal neaplasm affecting the kidney?
|
Wilm's tumor
|
|
What is a blackflow of urine from bladder to ureters called?
|
Vesicoureteral Reflux
|
|
What exam is done to check for vesicoureteral reflux?
|
Voiding Cystourogram (VCUG)
|
|
Name 3 body positions that can be done for an AP kidney exam and why each is done.
|
Supine- as a scout, common post injection
Upright- opacified kidney, mobility of kidneys Trendelenberg- to view lower ends of ureters (15-20 degrees) |
|
For an AP urinary where is the CR centered and how?
|
CR perpendicular to the crest
|
|
What breathing technique is used for the urinary system?
|
Suspend on expiration
|
|
What kind of contrast (long or short) is necessary for kidney exams?
|
Short scale
|
|
What should be visualized on and AP urinary exam?
|
Renal outlines, bladder, pubic symphysis.
|
|
Which kidney is parallel to the film on an oblique urinary exam?
|
The kidney FARTHEST from the IR is PARALLEL.
|
|
How much should the midcoronal plane be angled for an oblique urinary exam?
|
30 degrees
|
|
How is the CR angled and centered for an oblique urinary exam?
|
CR perpendicular, 2" lateral to the UP side.
|
|
For the lateral urinary exam which body plane is at the midline of the grid?
|
The midcoronal plane should be centered to the midline of the grid.
|
|
What kind of markers are required for urinary system images?
|
Time and side markers
|
|
Why is a lateral urinary position done?
|
To show rotation or pressure displacement, calcaneous areas and tumor masses.
|
|
Where and how is the CR centered for all urinary system views?
|
CR perpendicular at crest except for decubitus views.
|
|
How is the CR angled and to where for the lateral decubitus urinary view?
|
CR horizontal and perpendicular to midcoronal @crest
|
|
Name 4 things this exam shows?
|
1. Ureteropelvic junction
2. Hydronephrosis 3. Extrarenal mass 4. Abnormal anterior displacement |
|
Which arteriole brings blood INTO the kidney?
|
Afferent arteriole
|
|
Which arteriole removes blood from kidney?
|
Efferent arteriole
|
|
Which part of the kidney is the Loop of Henle located?
|
Medulla
|
|
Which part of the kidney contains the Bowman's capsule?
|
Cortex
|
|
Where in the kidney can the convoluted tubules be found?
|
Cortex
|
|
The wide, upper portion of the renal pelvis lies within the ?
|
Hilum
|
|
How many minor calyces are there?
|
4-13
|
|
Minor calyces for 2-3 larger tubules called?
|
Major calyces
|
|
What serves as a filter for the blood in the kidneys?
|
Glomerulus
|
|
In which cavity are the kidneys located?
|
Retroperitoneal cavity
|
|
Outer covering of the kidney is called?
|
Renal capsule
|
|
Concave medial border of the kidney with a longitudinal slit.
|
Hilum
|
|
The ureters convey urine from the renal pelves to the bladder how?
|
By peristaltic contractions
|
|
How long are the ureters?
|
10-12 inches
|
|
What is the most fixed part of the bladder?
|
Neck
|
|
Average length of male urethra? Female?
|
Female- 1.5 inches
Male- 7-8 inches |
|
Small glandular body surrounding proximal male urethra.
|
Prostate gland
|
|
Radiologic investigations of the renal drainage system are called?
|
Urography
|
|
Another name for antegrade filling (done with IV fluids)
|
IVU or IVP
|
|
In retrograde filling how is contrast put into the patient?
|
Via catheter
|
|
Bladder examinations are called?
|
Cystography
|
|
Examinations that include bladder and lower ureters are called?
|
Cystourography
|
|
Exam including urethra?
|
Cystourethrography
|
|
Mild characteristic reactions to contrast include?
|
Felling of warmth, flushing, hives
|
|
Severe reactions to contrast include?
|
Nausea, vomiting, edema of respiratory membranes. Anaphylactic shock
|
|
Most reactions to contrast media occur within how many minutes?
|
5 minutes after administration
|
|
Patient prep for urinary system exams include?
|
Low residue diet for 1-2 days, light evening meal, NPO after midnight, (for retrograde)drink 4-5 cups of water several hours before exam.
|
|
Ureteral compression should be placed at what level?
|
ASIS
|
|
Why is it important to have patient empty their bladder before the exam?
|
To make sure urine does NOT dilute contrast.
|
|
IVU AP projections are taken at how many minute intervals?
|
3-20 minute time intervals
|
|
What are IVU 30 degree oblique projections time intervals?
|
5-10 minute time intervals
|
|
AP axial bladder has what kind of CR angulation and centering?
|
CR 10-15 degrees caudal @ 2" above upper border of pubic symphysis
|
|
Where should the CR be centered and what angle is used for oblique bladder views?
|
CR perpendicular 2" above upper border pub. symph. and 2" medial to ASIS.
|
|
For voiding studies where should CR be for oblique bladder?
|
At level of pubic symphysis.
|
|
On the lateral bladder where should the CR be centered and at what angle?
|
CR perpendicular to 2" above upper border of pub. symph. @ midcoronal plane
|
|
In a male cystourethrography how many degree is the body rotated?
|
35-40 degrees
|
|
In an Oblique bladder how many degrees is the body rotated?
|
40-60 degrees
|
|
What is centered to the IR for an oblique male cystourethrography?
|
Elevated pubis is centered to midline of grid.
|
|
Which two bloodwork exams should be checked before performing contrast venipuncture exams?
|
BUN (10-20 normal) and creatinine (.05-1.2 normal)
|
|
What is the site prep for venipunture?
|
Rub alcohol swab in circular motion from center of site to 2" distal. Prefer 1-2% iodine tincture, but for those allergic can use isopropyl alcohol.
|
|
Name 2 techniques for venipuncture?
|
Direct and Indirect
|
|
Name the 5 rights of medication
|
1. patient
2. medication 3. route 4. amount 5. time |