Urinary System

Front 1

What do the kidneys do? What does this in turn regulate and trigger? what are the three structures of the urinary tract, what is their purpose? What does the bladder do?

Back 1

The kidneys filter waste products from the bloodstream and convert the filtrate into urine

Regulates blood volume, pH, and can trigger release of erythropoieten and renin to stimulate blood cell production

The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are collectively called the urinary tract and used to transport urine out of body

The bladder stores urine (up to 1 L) until excretion (micturition)

Front 2

name 4 main structures and locations, followed by 4 less main structures.

Back 2

Front 3

what is each kidney surround by?
What is the outer CT covering of kidney called?

Back 3

Each kidney is surrounded by a layer of perirenal fat

The outer CT covering of kidney is the renal capsule

Front 4

What is this? and what does it contain?

Back 4

Renal cortex
Outer layer of renal tissue
Renal Cortex
Contains:
Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule

Front 5

What is this? What does it contain?

Back 5

Renal medulla
Deep layer of the kidney

Contains two parts:
Renal columns
Renal pyramids

Front 6

What is the picture on the left? what do they contain?
What is the picture on the right? what do they carry?
Pyramid + Cortex=__________

Back 6

Front 7

What part of the kidney is this structure in?
What are these structure called? What are they and what do they do?

Back 7

Front 8

What is this system? What is the picture on the left? What is the picture on the right? What is the function of these structures?

Back 8

Front 9

What system is this part of?
What is this structures? and what are their purpose?

Back 9

Front 10

What is a nephron? Where does intial filtration of plasma occur at? (water and solutes are pushed into____?)
Describe what different portions of nephron receive? what is the purpose?
Describe the two types of nephron? what are they called what do they do, what surrounds them?

Back 10

The nephron is the functional filtration unit (2.5 million in both kidneys)

Initial filtration of plasma at the glomerulus (water and solutes pushed into corpuscle)

Different portions of the nephron receive additional secretions and/or allow for nutrients/solutes to be reabsorbed

Two types:
Cortical: 80-85%, short nephron loops
Juxtamedullary: 15-20%, long nephron loops surrounded by vasa recta

Front 11

Back 11

Front 12

Back 12

Front 13

What is this?

Back 13

glomerulus

Front 14

Identify

Back 14

capillary of the glomerulus

Front 15

identify

Back 15

glomerulus

Front 16

identify?

Back 16

Front 17

identify

Back 17

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 18

identify proximal convoluted tubule? loop of henle? descending and ascending loop? loop? renal corpuscle?

Back 18

Front 19

what are these structure by the arrow?

Back 19

nephron loops

Front 20

distal convulted tubule?

Back 20

Front 21

which ones are distal convulted? proximal convulted? brush border?

Back 21

Front 22

collecting and papillary ducts?

Back 22

Front 23

what structures are arrow pointing at? what is it?

Back 23

Front 24

identify?

Back 24

papillary ducts

Front 25

what is this structure and describe it. what is it part of ?where does it extend to and from? what are the three tunics?

Back 25

Ureters are 25cm long fibromuscular tubes, urinary tract.

Extend from renal pelvis to posterolateral wall at the base of the urinary bladder

Three concentric tunics in wall of ureters; from innermost to outermost:
Mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

Front 26

what structure is this? where is postioned, how is it shaped?

Back 26

urinary bladder
Positioned immediately superior and posterior to the pubic symphysis and is a retroperitoneal organ

The urinary bladder is shaped like an upside-down pyramid when empty; when full, it is distended superiorly and oval-shaped

Front 27

in the bladder what are the two posterior openings ? what IUO controlled by?
What directs urine into the urethral orifice as the bladder wall contracts?
What are the three tunics of the bladder?

Back 27

Front 28

what is this structure and where does it go, where does it exits, and what splinchter controls it, what muscle is it composed of?
in females whrere does it go and empty into?

Back 28

Front 29

male urethra overview explain it.

Back 29

18-20cm long common passageway for both urine and semen

Front 30

what structure is this? be specific

Back 30

Prostatic urethra
Through prostate gland

Front 31

what structure is this? be specific

Back 31

Membranous urethra
Through urogenital diaphragm

Front 32

what structure is this? be specific

Back 32

Spongy urethra
In the corpus spongiosum of the penis
Ends at external urethral orifice

Front 33

Back 33

Front 34

What is this? what are those stones? what are they made of? what causes them? how do you fix them?

Back 34

Front 35

what are medical treatments and things the do to anaylize urinary system? 3 of them.

Back 35

Urinalysis: analysis of volume, physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine

Dialysis: Utilizes selectively permeable membranes and solution to diffuse metabolites from the blood through a machine

Diuretics: slow renal absorption; used to treat hypertension