Urinary System

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REGIONS OR AREAS OF SUBCUTANEOUS SWELLING CAUSED BY AN ALLERGIC REACTION TO FOOD OR DRUGS

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angioedema

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complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys also called anuresis

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anuria

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presense of bacteria in the urine

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bacteriuria

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contraction of the bronchi and bronchiolar muscles producing restriction of air passages

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bronchospasm

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an agent that increases excretion of urine

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diuretic

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fecal matter in the urine

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fecaluria

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glucose in the urine

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glucosuria

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blood in the urine

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hematuria

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below arterial blood pressure

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hypotension

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closure of the glottic aperture within the glottic opening of the larynx

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laryngospasm

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brand name for a diuretic

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lasix

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the act of voiding or urination

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micturition

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excessive downward movement of the kidney when erect

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nephroptosis

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excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake usually less than 40 mL per 24 hours

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oliguria

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presence of gas in the urine usually a result of a fistula

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pneumouria

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passage of a large volume of urine in relation to fluid intake during a given period. common symptom of diabetes

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polyuria

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the presence of excessive serum proteins in the urine

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proteinuria

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absence of formation of a kidney

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renal agenesis

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the inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels or inability to retain electrolytyes under conditions of normal intake

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renal failure

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marked by uremia, oliguria, or anuria with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema, IVU demonstrates little or no contrast media filtering through the kidney

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acute renal failure

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results from a wide variety of conditions and may require hemodialysis or transplantation

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chronic renal failure

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inability to void, may be due to obstruction in the urethra, or lack of sensation to urinate

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retention

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loss of consciousness caused by reduce cerebral blood flow also called fainting

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syncope

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an excess in the blood of urea, creatine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids.

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uremia

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involuntary passage of urine through the urethra

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urinary incontinence

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backward or return flow of urine from bladder into ureter and kidney

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vesicoureteral reflex

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infection that frequently occurs in both adults and children and that is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or certain parasites.

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UTI

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AN ERUPTION OF WHEELS (HIVES) OFTEN CAUSED BY HYERSENSITIVITY TO FOOD OR DRUGS.

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urticaria

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an enlargment of the prostate that generally begins in the fifth decade of life.

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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stones that form in the urinary bladder

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bladder caculi

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tumor that is three times more common in males than in females. usually is diagnosed at the of 50

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bladder carcinoma

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involves two ureters and or the renal pelvis originating from the same kidney. most common type of congenital anomalies

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duplication of ureter and renal pelvis

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normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but rather remains in the pelvis. shorter than normal ureter

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ectopic kidney

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fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus. nearly 95% of cases involve fusion of lower poles

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horseshoe kidney

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inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli of the kidneys

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glomerulonephritis

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enlarged kidney with reduced concentration of contrast media in the collecting system

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acute glomerulonephritis

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small kidneys with blunt, rounded calyces. caused by fibrosis and cortex destruction from long standing information

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chronic condition of glomerulonephritis

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disorder marked by cysts scattered through one or both kidneys. This is most common cause of enlarged kidneys

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polycystic disease

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calcifications that occur in the luminal aspec of the urniary tract.

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renal calculi

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large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis blocking the flow of urine

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stag horn calculus

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the most frequent type of malignant tumor of the kidney. symptoms include flank pain and hematuria

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renal cell carcinoma

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distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidneys that result from some obstruction of the ureters or renal pelvis

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hydronephrosis

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inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenic bacteria

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pyelonephritis

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increased bloss pressure to the kidney through the renal artery to atherosclerosis

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renal hypertension

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results in localized necrosis of the renal parenchyma and small kidneys, with delayed excretion and over concentration of contrast media

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severe hyper tension

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may be caused by necrotic debris, calculus, thrombus, or trauma.

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renal obstruction

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reduced perfusion of contrast media throughout the kidney. delayed opacification of the collecting system

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acute obstruction

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during the IVU, the collecting system may be opacified but the calyces may show signs of enlargement and hydronephrosis

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chronic or partial obstruction

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forms between the urinarry bladder and rectum or aspects of the colon. 60% of these result from diverticulosis

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vesirectal fistula