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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
primary organ of the urinary system
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kidney
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accessory organs of the urinary system
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ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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kidney functions
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maintaining water volume in blood, maintaining levels of ions (electrolytes) in blood, maintaining pH of blood and removing toxic wastes from blood
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what does the ureter do?
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transports urine from kidneys to bladder.
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peristalsis
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wave of muscular contractions that moves urine forward
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name muscle found in the urinary bladder
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detrusor
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trigone
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posterior triangular area between ureter pair above urethral opening below
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rugae
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inner epithelial lining thrown into folds
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urethra
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transports urine out of bladder for elimination
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internal sphincter
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junction of bladder and urethra; involuntary control
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external sphincter
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eliminates urine; voluntary control
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urethral orifice
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opening into environment
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male urethra
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longer, serves both urinary and reproductive systems; prostatic -->membranous-->spongy; ejaculatory ducts empty to the prostatic urethra
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female urethra
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short, serves only urinary system
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micturition
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urination
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When the detrusor muscle is contracted
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the internal sphincter is relaxed and urine exits bladder into urethra.
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How much urine can the bladder store?
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2 cups, 250 ml
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Path of waste-rich blood in kidney:
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abdomnial aorta - renal artery - segmented artery - lobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus
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Path of clean, filtered blood from nephron back to circulatory system:
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peritubular capillary network - interlobular vein - arcuate vein - renal vein - inferior vena cava
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What does the Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorb?
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sodium, glucose, amino acids chloride, water
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What is reabsorbed at the Loop of Henle?
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water, sodium, chloride
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What is reabsorbed at the Distal Convoluted Tubules?
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water
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Where does the most reabsorption occur?
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proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
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tubular secretion
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wastes, excess ions...still in pertibular blood are removed and secreted into nephron tubule
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Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Ducts
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major sites of tubular secretion, molecules from pertibular blood move into tubular fluid
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urine composition
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water, nitrogenous wastes (urea, ammonia, creatinine), electrolytes, toxins, pigments, hormones
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urine pH
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4.6 - 8
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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targets collecting tubules to promote water reabsorption. reabsorption retains more water. decreases urine output.
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Aldosterone
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renin secreted -> triggers RAAS mechanism & aldosterone secretion -> increased Na+ and water reabsorption ...urine output decreases
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Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
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targets nephron tubules. decreases NA+ and water reabsorption. more urine formed.
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urinary mechanism of pH control
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increase in H+ increases acidity and lead to acidosis. H+ is secreted into urine and removed from body, this helps avoid the blood from becoming acidic.
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blood buffer
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sodium bicarbonate = NaHCO3 ... generally Na+ is reabsorbed in exchange for H+; combines with HCO3- to form sodium bicarbonate
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