Upper Limb

Front 1

Cleidocranial dysostosis

Back 1

hereditary congenital disorder where clavicle forms weird or not at all

Front 2

Surgical neck of humerus fractured, what nerve is affected and function compromised?

Back 2

axillary nerve; compromise ability to abduct arm 90 degrees

Front 3

Patient has Wrist drop. Nerve injured and area of injury

Back 3

Radial nerve; Fractures of the middle of the shaft of humerus (muscles of back of arm/ forearm)

Front 4

Palpar benediction sign

Back 4

injury to the median nerve; Fracture at distal end of humerus; flexors of 3 medial digits ( index and middle cannot flex)

Front 5

dennervation atrophy

Back 5

If nerve is damaged, it may lose function, which leads to shrinking of muscle

Front 6

Ape hand

Back 6

If hand hanging out window, or suicide attempt, cutting median nerve at wrist, injury at level of wrist, or dislocation of lunate bone

Front 7

Patient fell on hand with extended arm while skating, diagnosed with Colles’ Fracture

Back 7

Fracture of the distal end of the radius, posterior displacement.

May be accompanied by avulsion of ulnar styloid process.

Front 8

Radial nerve

Back 8

extension of hand/ wrist;
also innverates tricep (extension of elbow)
If nerve injured in proximal part of upper limb (back of upper arm, right behind/ below elbow), both functions compromised
However, if injury is lower, i.e. fracture of middle of humerus, then extension of elbow is fine, only wrist drop

Front 9

Saturday night/ honey moon palsy

Back 9

compression/ compartment injuries to radial nerve when someone lays on it

Front 10

most frequent bone to fracture among the carpal bones.

Back 10

Scaphoid bone

Front 11

most dislocated carpal bone

Back 11

Lunate

Front 12

carpal tunnel

Back 12

for transmission of flexor
muscles and median nerve

Front 13

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Back 13

Compression to the median nerve in the tunnel due to hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, Amyloidosis, frequent typing etc. It is a very painful condition.

Front 14

Deltoid

Back 14

Most important abductor of arm up to 90 degrees
NN: Axillary (circumflex) (C5-C6)

flexes arm, medial rotation of the arm, abducts the arm, extends (retroversion) + lateral rotation

Front 15

Smith's fracture

Back 15

Broken wrist (falling on back of hand while the wrist is extended) injury to radius

Front 16

Pulled elbow

Back 16

Nursemaid's elbow; partial dislocation of elbow while the hand is raised above the head with palm facing forward

Front 17

Dorsal group: rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Back 17

Suprascapular Nerve (C4-C6), Axillary (circumflex nerve C5-C6), Subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Often ruptures (baseball, etc)

Front 18

Teres major muscle

Back 18

Arm adduction and medial rotation,
NN: Lower subscapular N. (C6-C7)

Front 19

What causes Damage to Long Thoracic Nerve; lifting arm beyond 90 degrees is not possible

Back 19

Winged Scapula (carrying heavy objects, strapping shoulder, etc)

Front 20

Have winged scapula but Arm elevation is normal

Back 20

Rhomboid muscle injury

Front 21

What causes Inadvertent Long Thoracic Nerve Damage

Back 21

Radial Mastectomy, lung biopsy--> inability to elevate arm or even winged scapula

Front 22

Axillary nerve injury

Back 22

Numbness, inability to move shoulder, deltoid, etc. Can be from dislocation of shoulder, fracture of upper arm bone, etc

Front 23

Biceps

Back 23

Acts on 2 joints:
Biceps Long head (5): abductor and medial rotator of the arm
Short head (7): adductor of the arm
Both heads flex (anteversion) shoulder joint
On elbow joint: flexor and strong supinator of the forearm.
NN: Musculocutaneous N. (C5- C6)

Front 24

Biceps Jerk

Back 24

C5- C6

Front 25

Brachialis

Back 25

Powerful flexor of the elbow joint
NN: Musculocutaneous N. (C5- C6)
and radial nerve to some of its lateral part

Front 26

Coracobrachialis

Back 26

Flexor of the arm. Musculocutaneous N. (C5,C6,C7).

Front 27

Erb-Duchenne paralysis (C5-C6)

Back 27

Damaging upper part of plexus on shoulder during breached birth or falling on the shoulder (roots may be pulled out of spinal cord)
No/ weak arm abduction, medial rotation, elbow flexion

Front 28

Klumpke’s paralysis (C8-T1):
Horner’s syndrome, Claw hand

Back 28

Injury to lower brachial plexus; C8-T1 roots following forced abduction of the shoulder.
Signs: Atrophic paralysis of the forearm and small muscles of hand (Claw hand) and often a sympathetic palsy

Front 29

injury to lower part of brachial plexi

Back 29

Compromise ab/ adduction of fingers

Front 30

anterior forearm muscles: all innervated by ______ nerve, except flexor carpi ____ and two tendons of flexor ______ profundus (deep in muscle)

Back 30

Median; ulnaris; digitorum

Front 31

Brachioradialis (beer drinking M.)

Back 31

Brings the forearm into midposition between pronation and supination; in this position it acts as a flexor (forearm flexor)
NN: Radial N. (C5- C6 and C7)

Front 32

tennis/golfer’s elbow

Back 32

Elbow tendinitis; periosteal irritation, pain; Radial nerve
Golf =medial chondyle
Tennis= lateral condyle

Front 33

Interosseous branch

Back 33

Deep radial nerve (C7-C8) in Dorsal forearm

Front 34

Tricep jerk (posterior part of arm)

Back 34

can hit C7-C8 and have extension of elbow

Front 35

Hyper-reflexia- exaggeration of reflexes

Back 35

can indicate problem in CNS (upper motor neuron, ganglia, spinal cord; stroke, etc); exaggeration is usually indicative of UPPER motor neuron

Front 36

A-reflexia or hypo-reflexia

Back 36

usually indicative of lower motor neuron level, or specific muscle or trapped nerve (herniation, etc)

Front 37

All muscles of upper arm innervated by

Back 37

radial nerve

Front 38

pronator syndrome

Back 38

compression to median nerve;
Pronator teres- short muscle, median nerve (main nerve of forearm/hand); nerve can get trapped here

Front 39

Snuffbox (dorsum of hand)

Back 39

Radial artery
Superficial radial N.

Front 40

Medial bicepital groove

Back 40

Median N, Brachial artery and veins and basilic vein, medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve and ulnar N. medially.

Front 41

Lymphangitis

Back 41

Infection/inflammation of lymph vessels

Front 42

Axillary lymph system

Back 42

Breast Cancers may give metastasis to the axillary lymph node (75% of breast’s lymphatics drain here).

Front 43

sphygmometer

Back 43

used to measure Arterial Blood pressure

Front 44

Brachial artery occlusion/ Laceration:

Back 44

Deep flexor paralysis

Front 45

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

Back 45

Injury to muscle of forearm, deformity of hand/ wrist/ fingers--> claw; stuck in flexion

Front 46

Ulnar nerve injury at wrist

Back 46

Abduction and Adduction of the fingers are impaired
( paralysis of interossei MM, piano playing, writing.. Impaired) (also at elbow)