Lower Limb Anatomy 1

Front 1

Two superficial veins in the lower limb and where do they drain into

Back 1

Great saphenous vein - femoral vein

Small saphenous vein - popliteal vein

Front 2

What is the acetabular labrum?

Back 2

Fibrocartilaginous ring

Front 3

What ligament prevents hyperextension and hyperabduction of the hip?

Back 3

Hyperextension = iliofemoral

Hyperabduction = pubofemoral

Front 4

Flexors of the hip

Back 4

Iliacus

Psoas major

(iliopsoas = main flexor)

Pectineus

Front 5

Extensors of the hip

Back 5

Gluteus maximus

Biceps femoris

Semitendinous

Semimembranous

Front 6

Adductors (medial compartment) of the hip and innervation

Back 6

Adductor magnus

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

Obturator nerve

Front 7

Abductors of the hip

Back 7

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Quadratus femoris

Front 8

Where do lateral rotators cross the joint and what muscles are they?

Back 8

They cross the posterior side of the joint

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Two gemelli muscles

Quadratus femoris

Front 9

Where to medial rotators cross the joint and what muscles are they?

Back 9

They cross the anterior side of the joint

Gluteus Minimus

Gluteus medius

Tensor fascia latae

Front 10

3 compartments of the anterior thigh

Back 10

anterior/quadriceps/extensors (of knee)

medial/adductors (of hip)

posterior/hamstrings/flexors (of knee)

Front 11

Muscles that make up quadratus femoris and their innervation

Back 11

rectus femoris

vastus medialis

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedialis

Femoral Nerve

Front 12

What do the parts of the quadriceps unite to form and what does it continue as and where does it attach proximally?

Back 12

Quadriceps tendon continues as the patellar ligament

Attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Front 13

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle at the hip and knee?

Back 13

Hip = flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

Knee = flexion

Front 14

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

Back 14

femoral artery and vein

Front 15

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

Back 15

external iliac

Front 16

Where does the femoral artery start and where does it enter the thigh?

Back 16

Inferior border of the inguinal canal

Half way between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle

Front 17

What branch of the femoral nerve passes posteriorly to the hamstring?

Back 17

profunda femoris

Front 18

What does the popliteal vein continue as?

Back 18

femoral vein - external iliac vein

Front 19

Which muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

Back 19

Pectineus

Iliacus

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris

Front 20

What forms the base, medial and lateral borders of the femoral triangle?

Back 20

Base = inguinal ligament

Medial boundary = adductor longus

Lateral boundary = sartorius muscle

Front 21

Contents of the femoral triangle

Back 21

Femoral vein

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

Front 22

The posterior, lateral and medial boundaries of the adductor canal

Back 22

Posterior = adductor longus, adductor magnus

Lateral = vastus medialis

Medial = sartorius

Front 23

Which nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus?

Back 23

L1 - 4

Front 24

What are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus and what do they innervate?

Back 24

Obturator nerve - medial (adductor) compartment

Femoral nerve - anterior compartment

Front 25

What are the two joints in the pelvic girdle?

Back 25

pubic symphysis

2 x sacroiliac joints

Front 26

Where do the structures passing through the greater/lesser sciatic foramen come from/to?

Back 26

Greater = pelvis

Lesser = perineum

Front 27

What muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?

Back 27

Hamstrings

Front 28

Muscles in the superficial layer of gluteal region

Back 28

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

tensor fasciae latae

Front 29

Muscles in the deep layer of gluteal region

Back 29

piriformis

obturator internus

superior and inferior gemelli

quadratus femoris

Front 30

Which part of the fascia latae is called the iliotibial tract and which two muscles are attached to it?

Back 30

lateral

tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus

Front 31

Which muscle does the sciatic plexus lie anterior to?

Back 31

Piriformis

Front 32

Which spinal nerves make up the sacral plexus?

Back 32

L4 + L5 = lumbosacral trunk

S1, 2, 3, 4

Front 33

Which two nerves are the main branches of the sacral plexus?

Back 33

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

Front 34

The root value and muscles supplied by superior gluteal nerve

Back 34

L4 - S1

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

tensor fasciae latae

Front 35

The root value and muscles supplied by inferior gluteal nerve

Back 35

L5 - S2

gluteus maximus

Front 36

Where does the sciatic nerve emerge from the gluteal region and why is this important to know?

Back 36

Inferior to the piriformis

IM injections

Front 37

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?

Back 37

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

Front 38

Muscles collectively known as hamstrings

Back 38

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris (long and short head)

Front 39

Articular surfaces of the knee joint

Back 39

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Tibia

Posterior surface of patella

Front 40

Articulations of the knee joint

Back 40

Femorotibial

Femoropatellar

Front 41

What runs between the lateral collateral ligament and lateral meniscus?

Back 41

popliteus muscle

Front 42

Which way does the ACL prevent the femur from sliding?

Back 42

posteriorly

Front 43

Which was does the PCL prevent the femur from sliding?

Back 43

anteriorly

Front 44

What are the main functions of the meniscus?

Back 44

deepen the surface of the tibia

play a role in shock absorption

Front 45

What causes 'housemaid's knee'?

Back 45

Prepatellar bursitis

Front 46

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

Back 46

Suprapatellar bursa