Unix Commands

Front 1

file

Back 1

determine file type

Front 2

cal

Back 2

displays a calendar and the date of Easter

Front 3

cat

Back 3

concatenate files and print on the standard output

Hint 3

cat f - g
Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.

Front 4

chmod

Back 4

change file mode bits

Front 5

cp

Back 5

copy files and directories

cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST

Front 6

date

Back 6

print or set the system date and time

Front 7

fold

Back 7

wrap each input line to fit in specified width

Hint 7

man fold | fold -s -w 20
sends man page for fold to width of 20 (-w 20) and break at spaces (-s)

Front 8

head

Back 8

output the first part of files

Hint 8

man head | head -n 5

print first 5 lines

Front 9

ls

Back 9

list directory contents

Hint 9

-a do not ignore entries starting with .
-l use a long listing format

Front 10

make

Back 10

GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs

Front 11

mkdir

Back 11

make directories

Front 12

more

Back 12

file perusal filter for crt viewing

Front 13

pg

Back 13

browse pagewise through text files

Front 14

split

Back 14

split a file into pieces

Hint 14

split -l 10 man_split
Split file man_split into 10 line files
xaa xab xac ...

Front 15

wildcards

Back 15

* zero or more
? exactly one
[abc] exactly one of the letters listed
[a-e] a letter in range
[!a-e] not a letter in range
{debian,linux} one word listed

Hint 15

can use many
*{test1,test2}?

Front 16

look

Back 16

display lines beginning with a given string

Hint 16

look word file

Front 17

diff

Back 17

compare files line by line

Hint 17

can compare directories as well

Front 18

apropos

Back 18

search the manual page names and descriptions

Front 19

ps

Back 19

report a snapshot of the current processes.

Hint 19

ps aux To see every process on the system
ps -e every process
a Lift the BSD-style "only yourself" restriction
e Select all processes.
x Lift the BSD-style "must have a tty" restriction
u

Front 20

w

Back 20

Show who is logged on and what they are doing.

Front 21

wc

Back 21

print newline, word, and byte counts for each file

Hint 21

-c print the byte counts
-m print the character counts
-l print the newline counts

Front 22

find

Back 22

search for files in a directory hierarchy

Hint 22

find /home -name *ods

Front 23

uname

Back 23

print system information

Hint 23

uname -a
Linux MCD-Mint 3.0.0-12-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 7 14:56:25 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Front 24

pstree

Back 24

display a tree of processes

Front 25

kill

Back 25

send a signal to a process

Hint 25

kill -9 -1 Kill all processes you can kill.

Front 26

killall

Back 26

kill processes by name
killall sends a signal to all processes

Front 27

service

Back 27

service -

Hint 27

service --status-all

Front 28

/etc/init.d

Back 28

The directory containing System V init scripts.

Front 29

dd

Back 29

block by block copy

Front 30

tar

Back 30

The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

Hint 30

tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -xf archive.tar
Extract all files from archive.tar.

Front 31

dump

Back 31

filesystem backup

Front 32

restore

Back 32

restore files or file systems from backups made with dump

Front 33

lp

Back 33

send to printer
lp -d Printer_Name

Front 34

lpstat

Back 34

print cups status information

Front 35

history

Back 35

History Library
history | grep ssh

Front 36

!

Back 36

!56 repeat #56 from history
!-2 Repeat 2 prior

Front 37

cups

Back 37

common unix printing system

Hint 37

http://localhost:631

Front 38

strace

Back 38

trace system calls and signals
In the simplest case strace runs the specified command until it exits.

Hint 38

strace ls

Front 39

fuser

Back 39

identify processes using files or sockets

Front 40

lsof

Back 40

list open files

Front 41

mount

Back 41

mount a filesystem

Hint 41

mount --bind olddir newdir

Front 42

/etc/fstab

Back 42

static information about the filesystems

Front 43

swapinfo

Back 43

report available swap space

Front 44

df

Back 44

report file system disk space usage

Front 45

dw

Back 45

estimate file space usage

Front 46

vmstat

Back 46

Report virtual memory statistics

Front 47

iostat

Back 47

reports I/O statistics

Front 48

sar

Back 48

system activity reporter

Front 49

fs_usage

Back 49

reports system calls and page faults

Front 50

uptime

Back 50

system uptime and load stats

Front 51

xload

Back 51

system load gui

Front 52

netstat

Back 52

Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

Front 53

hostname

Back 53

returns the system hostname

Front 54

ifconfig

Back 54

displays network interface information
ifconfig -a lists all interfaces and their IP information

Front 55

netstat

Back 55

Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

Front 56

ssh

Back 56

Secure Shell

Hint 56

ssh user@server

Front 57

.ssh

Back 57

in users home directory and contains known_hosts file and keys

Front 58

httpd

Back 58

apache demon

Hint 58

reads the httpd.conf at boot

Front 59

command to find a process

Back 59

ps ax | grep http

Front 60

command to start a service

Back 60

sudo /sbin/service service start