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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terminal control characters for C-shell
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^h
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backspace
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^u
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erase entire line of input so far typed
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^d
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end-of-input for programs reading from terminal
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^s
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stop printing on terminal
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^q
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continue printing on terminal
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^z
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suspend currently running job; restart with bg or fg
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DEL
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^c
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^\
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emergency kill of currently running program with no chance of cleanup
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Also see a list of special characters that should not be used in filenames.
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Login and authentication
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login
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access computer; start interactive session
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logout
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disconnect terminal session
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passwd
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change local login password; you must set a strong password that is not easily guessed
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kinit
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obtain kerberos ticket for connections to other kerberized computers
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kdestroy
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destroy kerberos tickets (authorizations)
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keeptoken
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request longer lifetime for kerberos ticket so long-running jobs can access AFS files
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Information
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date
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show date and time
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history
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list of previously executed commands
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pine
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read or send email messages or networks news groups
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msgs
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display system messages
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man
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show online documentation by program name
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info
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online documentation for GNU programs
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w
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who
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whoami
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who is logged onto this terminal
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top
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show system stats and top CPU using processes
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uptime
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show one line summary of system status
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finger
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find out info about a user@system
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whois
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look up information in the Stanford Directory
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File management
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cat
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combine files
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cp
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copy files
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ls
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list files in a directory and their attributes
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mv
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change file name or directory location
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rm
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remove files
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ln
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create another link (name) to a file
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chmod
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set file permissions
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crypt
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encode/decode a file with a private key
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gzip
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gunzip
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find
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find files that match specific criteria
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Display contents of files
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cat
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copy files to display device
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more
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show text file on display terminal with paging control
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head
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show first few lines of a file(s)
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tail
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show last few lines of a file; or reverse line order
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vi
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full-featured screen editor for modifying text files
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pico
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simple screen editor for modifying text files
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grep
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display lines that match a pattern
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lpr
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send file to line printer
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pr
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format file with page headers
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diff
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compare two files and show differences
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cmp
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compare two binary files and report if different
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comm
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compare two files; show common or unique lines
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od
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display binary files as eqivalent octal/hex codes
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strings
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show printable text embedded in binary files
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file
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examine file(s) and guess type: text
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wc
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count characters
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Directories
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cd
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change to new directory
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mkdir
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create new directory
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rmdir
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remove empty directory (remove files first)
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mv
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change name of directory
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pwd
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show current directory
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Devices
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df
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summarize free space on disk drive
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du
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show disk space used by files or directories
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Special character handling for C-shell (See man csh)
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*
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match any characters in a file name
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~user
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shorthand for home directory of user
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$name
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substitute value of variable name
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\
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turn off special meaning of character that follows
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'
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in pairs
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in pairs
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`
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in pairs
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Controlling program execution for C-shell (See man csh)
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&
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run job in background
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DEL
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^c
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^z
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suspend job in foreground
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fg
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restart suspended job in foreground
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bg
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run suspended job in background
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;
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delimit commands on same line
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()
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group commands on same line
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!
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re-run earlier commands from history list
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jobs
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list current jobs
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ps
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print process screen
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kill
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kill background job or previous process
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nice
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run program at lower priority
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at
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run program at a later time
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crontab
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run program at specified intervals
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limit
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see or set resource limits for programs
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alias
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create alias name for program (in .login)
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sh
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csh
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Controlling program input/output for C-shell (See man csh)
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pipe output to input
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>
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redirect output to a storage file
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<
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redirect input from a storage file
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>>
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append redirected output to a storage file
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tee
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copy input to both file and next program in pipe
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script
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make file record of all terminal activity
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Email and communication
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pine
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process mail with fill-screen menu interface or read USENET news groups
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msgs
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read system bulletin board messages
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mail
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send/read email; can be run by other programs to send exisiting files via email
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uuencode
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uudecode
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finger
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translate real name to account name for email
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whois
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look up email addresses in the Stanford Directory
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talk
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interactive communication in real-time (chat)
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rn
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read USENET news groups
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Editors and formatting utilities
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sed
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programmable text editor for data streams
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vi
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full-featured editor for character terminals
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emacs
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GNU emacs editor for character terminals
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xemacs
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GNU emacs editory for X Window terminals
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pico
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very simple text editor
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fmt
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fill and break lines to make all same length
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fold
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break long lines to specified length
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X Window client programs (output to X terminal or server)
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xterm
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provide login shell window
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xauth
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manipulate authorization files
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xload
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show system load
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xman
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full screen online manual viewer
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pinex
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send or recieve mail messages
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xemacs
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GNU emacs editor
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gv
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interface to contol gs to display PostScript or PDF files on screen
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xdvi
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display DVI files on X Window (screen preview)
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netscape
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web browser
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gnuplot
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interactive data plotting on screen
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TeX typesetting system
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tex
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process TeX files to DVI (device independent) output
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latex
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process LaTeX files to DVI
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texpr
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process and print TeX and LaTeX in one step
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dvips
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print DVI files on Postscript laser printer
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xdvi
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display DVI files on X Window (screen preview)
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latex2html
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translate LaTeX files to HTML (for web pages)
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Printing
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lpr
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send file to print queue
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lpq
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examine status of files in print queue
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lprm
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remove a file from print queue
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abort qname
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abort print queue qname to clear printer (all files saved)
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start qname
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restart print queue qname
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enscript
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convert text files to PostScript format for printing
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Interpreted languages and data manipulation utilities
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sed
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programmable text editor for data streams
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awk
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pattern scanning and processing language; 1985 vers.
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perl
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Practical Extraction and Report Language
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sort
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sort or merge lines in a file(s) by specified fields
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tr
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translate characters
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cut
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cut out columns from a file
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paste
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paste columns into a file
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dd
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copy data between devices; reblock; convert EBCDIC
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Graphics and mapping
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gnuplot
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interactive data plotting; outputs to PostScript or X Window
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GMT
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general 2D and 3D data processing and plotting software package; also plots maps
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gs
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ghostscript converter displays PostScript files on X Window displays or other devices
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Networking/communications
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klogin
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remote login to kerberized computer; encrypted
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krsh
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execute single command on remote kerberized computer; encrypted
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krcp
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remote file copy to/from kerberized computer; encrypted
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ssh
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remote login/command execution; encrypted
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scp
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remote non-interactive file copy; encrypted
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sftp
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remote interactive file copy; encrypted
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telnet
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remote network login - plain text password
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ftp
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network file transfer program - plain text passwords
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rlogin
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remote login to trusted computer that is not kerberized
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rsh
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execute single command on remote trusted computer
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rcp
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remote file copy to/from trusted computer
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host
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find IP address for given host name
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netscape
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web browser for X Window terminals/servers
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lynx
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web browser for character based (text-only) terminals
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kermit
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transfer files over modem connections
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gzip
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gunzip
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tar
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combine multiple files/dirs into single archive
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uuencode
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uudecode
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Compilers
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interpreters and programming tools
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csh
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command language interpreter (C-shell scripts)
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ksh
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command language interpreter (Korn-shell scripts)
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sh
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command language interpreter (Borne-shell scripts)
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f77
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Compaq(HP) Fortran 77 compiler
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f95
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Compaq(HP) Fortran 90/95 compiler
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f2c
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convert fortran source code to C source code
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cc
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c89
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cxx
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Compaq(HP) C++ compiler
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gcc
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GNU C compiler
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g++
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GNU C++ compiler
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pc
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Compaq(HP) Pascal compiler
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dbx
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command-line symbolic debugger for compiled C or Fortran
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ladebug
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X Window symbolic debugger for compiled C or Fortran
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make
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recompile programs from modified source
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gmake
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GNU version of make utility
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cflow
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generate C flow graph
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error
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analyze and disperse compiler error messages
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Programming libraries (see man library_name)
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lapack
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Fortran 77 routines for numerical linear algebra (supersedes LINPACK and EISPACK)
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X
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routines to interface with X window system (no man page -- get the X Toolkit book)
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dbm
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database routines
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xdr
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library routines for external data representation
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netcdf
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routines for machine independent data representation
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Tape manipulation and archiving
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mt
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manipulate tape drive and position tape
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dd
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unformatted tape read and write; file conversion
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tar
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archive disk files on tape or disk
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ltf
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read/write ANSI standard label tapes
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Geology programs
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supcrt92
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thermodynamic properties of high P/T reactions
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diagram
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calculate activity phase diagrams from log K values
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