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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 early pioneers of neuropsychology |
Benton, Hebb |
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Broca was famous for what? |
One of the first to localize speech to the left side of the brain |
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Another name for the "limbic lobe" |
Cingulate gyrus |
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Term for the perception of pain |
Nonciception |
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Function of the Insular lobe |
Pain, addiction, taste |
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4 Divisions of the frontal lobes |
Primary motor cortex Premotor cortex Prefrontal cortex Orbiofrontal cortex |
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Types of pain (7) |
Neuropathic pain Phantom Pain Psychogenic pain Referred pain Pain insensitivity Hyperalgesia Allodynia |
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CNS |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Neurogenesis |
Proliferation and migration of neurons from the neural tube to pre-determined locations |
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PNS |
Autonomic and Somatic, including cranial and spinal nerves |
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Divisions of the Autonomic NS |
Sympathetic / Parasympathetic |
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Neural tube |
Embryonic tube that develops into the CNS |
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Glial Cells |
Oligodendrytes, mircroglia, astrocytes - provide structural support, waste removal, myelin production |
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Spina Bifida |
Congenital developmental disorder chacterized by an opening in the spine |
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Anencephaly |
Congenital developmental disorder in which the brain fails to grow due to a failure of the anterior end of the spinal cord to close |
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Synaptogenesis |
Developmental process in which synapses are formed |
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Broca's area |
Production of speech |
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Franz Nissl |
First to discover dyes while staining cell bodies |
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Originator of locailization |
Franz Gall |
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Walter Freeman |
Lobotomist - recommended orbitofrontal lobotomies for any psycho patient hospitalized for more than two years |
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Angiography |
Procedure where a contrast material is introduced into veins that run through the brain to visualize blood flow pathways |
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Wernicke |
Discovered fluent aphasia, speech comprehension |
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Which imaging best visualizes white matter damage? |
MRI |
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Difference between fMRI and MRI |
MRI = structural fMRI = metabolic / functional |
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Do CT scans have high radiation exposure? |
Yes |
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Wada technique |
Anesthetizing one hemisphere in order to study hemispheric function |
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Descarte |
Dualism |
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Does MRI have radiation exposure? |
No |
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Another word for spinal tap |
Lumbar puncture |
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7 Classes of psychoactive drugs |
Anxiolytics Opiates Antipsychotics Antidepressants Mood stabilizers Stimulants Cognitive Enhacers |
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EPS - definition and what it stands for |
Extra Pyramidal Symptoms - unwanted posturings / movements |
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Telencephalon / Diencephalon make up the |
Forebrain |
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4 structures of the limbic lobe |
Amygdala Septum Fornix Hippocampus |
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Heschl's gyrus relates to what brain network? |
Auditory cortex or temporal lobe |
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Proprioception |
Perception of the position of the body in external space |
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Mammilary bodies are most related to |
Memory |
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2 Ventricle Disorders |
Hydrocephalus, normal-pressure hydrocephalus |
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Another name for brain stem (2) |
Mesencephalon, hindbrain |
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2 division of the PNS |
Skeletal / autonomic |
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How many ventricles? |
4 |
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Region involved in memory |
Basal forebrain |
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Another term for midbrain |
mesencephalon |
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Sits on top of the optic chaism, part of the hypothalamus |
Supra chiasmatic nucleus |
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4 Functions of the RAS |
Regulates cortical activity Modulates pain Controls vital autonomic functions Helps regulate limbic activity |
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Planum Temporal |
Speech communication region, larger in the left hemisphere |
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3 disorders of the vascular system |
Cerebrovascular accidents Migraines Hemorrhage |
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Two major arteries, within the neck |
Right and left internal carotid |
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Folds of the brain |
Gyri |
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Spaces between ridges |
Sulcci |
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Six lobes |
Occipital Frontal Temporal Parietal Insular Limbic |
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Insular lobe |
Pain addiction, gustation |
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Frontal lobe |
Planning and movement |
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Parietal |
Sensory |
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Temporal |
Auditory and language |
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Limbic |
Emotion and Memory |
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Occipital |
Vision |
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Meninges |
Coverings of the brain |
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3 Meninges |
Pyro matter Derma Matter Arachnoid |
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Seizures are most related to what NT |
Aspartate and gultamate |
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two chemical senses |
gustation olfaction |
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Agnosia |
Absence of a sense of knowing |
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Apraxia |
Inability to perform voluntary movements despite having adequate motor strength and control |
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Term for a communication disorder, usually of speech |
Aphasia |
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4 parts of the eye |
Retina Iris Optic Nerve Cornea |
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Rods |
Black and white
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Cones |
Color |
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Function of the cerebellum |
Maintains balance |
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Memory for facts |
declarative |
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GCS |
Glasgow Coma Scale |
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Left caudate |
Implicated in the control of language switching in individuals who are bilingual |
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Newly discovered brain region, implicated in language |
Gerschwin's area |
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Thalamus means |
"Little brain" |
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The ________ ________ is responsible for primary sensory functions, motor coordination and control, and the higher order functions of language and thinking |
Sensory cortex |
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Another name for the Island of Reil |
Cingulate Gyrus |
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Brodmann area for the anterior cingulate |
24 |
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Inferior temporal gyrus involved in |
Object recognition |
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Oldest part of the brain |
Hindbrain |
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Parts of the hiindbrain |
Cerebellum, pons, medulla |
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4 parts of the limbic system (gyri) |
hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus |
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Pons |
Connect the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata to other regions of the brain |
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Substantia Nigra |
Dopamine, Midbrain, connected to the striatum |
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Mesolimbic region |
Links the ventral tagmentum to the nucleus accumbens |
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2 parts of the reward pathway |
VTA and nucleus accumbens |
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Relay station of the brain |
Thalamus |
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Another name for swelling of the brain |
Edema |
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Dysgeusia |
Distorted sense of taste |
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Bleeding between the meninges and skull |
Subdural hemotoma |
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Graded tumors |
I to IV, IV being the fastest growing |
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3 tests measuring executive functions |
Trails B WI Card Sort Category Test |
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One of the first neurologists |
Parkinson |
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2 forms of TBI |
Open and closed |
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Types of impact in brain injury |
Coup and counter-coup |
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2 areas of the brain implicated in Alzheimers, and NT |
AcH, basal forebrain, nucleus basalis of meynert |
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PKU is a form of |
mental retardation |
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Prion disease |
CJD |
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EEG wave patterns from slow to fast |
Delta Theta Alpha Beta |
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2 basic forms of sleep |
REM and non-REM |
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Ictal |
Psychologic state or event, such as a seizure |
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FTD |
AKA Pick's disease, Frontotemporal dementia. Characterized by a slow deterioration of behavior, personality, or language. Caused by abnormalities of tau protein in the brain |
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IMPACT |
Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing |
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3 big neuropsychological disorders in the DSM |
Dementia Delirium Amnesia
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Just above the corpus callosum is the |
cingulate gyrus |
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Brodmann area for depression |
25 |
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Motor neuron disease |
ALS |
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broca's area corresponds to which brodmann area? |
44 |
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In what lobe is Broca's area? |
Temporal |
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Inability of a patient to recognize an object placed in her hand |
Astereognosis |
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Which is anterior to the ________ _________...motor or sensory cortex? |
Lateral fissure, Motor |
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Embolic stroke |
A clot travels from elsewhere to the brain |
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Hemorrhagic stroke |
Results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the brain |
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Transient ischemic event |
Mini-stroke with temporary effects, caused by a temporary blockage in a blood vessel in the brain |
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Dysarthria |
A motor speech disorder |
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Anosmia |
Inability to perceive odor |
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Lobe of the somatosensory cortex? |
Parietal |
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Lobe of the motor cortex? |
Frontal |
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Anosagnosia |
Being unaware of a defect or illness |
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Autotopagnosia |
Inability to identify parts of one's own body |
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Facial recognition disorder |
Prosopagnosia |
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Endocrine |
Glands that secrete their hormones into the bloodstream |
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Sign of damage to the cerebellum |
Incoordination |
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Fregoli's |
Belief that different people are actually one person changing his or her appearance |
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Agranulocytosis |
Lowered white blood cell count |
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Dysmetria |
Incoordination characterized by overshooting or undershooting the intended destination of the hand |
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Nystagmus |
Involuntary eye movement |
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Akathisia |
Feeling of restlessness usually drug-induced |
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Anisicoria |
Unequal pupil size |
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Kleine Levin |
Sleep disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes |
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Capgras |
A familiar person seems to be actually an imposter double |
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Earliest and most common symptom of MS |
Loss of visual acuity |