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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Homeostasis

A state of relative stability within the human body

Maintenance of Homeostasis

Nervous System= rapid response


Endocrine System= long term adjustments

The Central Nervous System

Contains interneurons, brain and spinal cord


Coordination and processing of all nerve impulses.

Neurons

Conduct nerve impulses along pathways - electrochemical in nature

Nerves

Bundles of neurons grouped for a specific function.

Motor Neuron


1 Dendrites


2 Nucleus


3 Cell Body


4 Myelin Sheath / Schwann Cells


5 Nodes of Ranvier


6 End Plate


7 Axon


8 Neurilemma - coats axon

Dendrites

Receive information and always travel towards the cell body

Cell body

Contains nucleus and cytoplasm to sustain and coordinate cell

Axon

Carries impulse to another neuron or to effectors

Myelin Sheath

Formed by the Schwann cells and insulates the axon


Found in the PNS and mature CNS axon (white matter)

Node of Ranvier

Gaps between the Schwann cells in myelin sheath that speeds up transmission

Neurilemma

Protective membrane that helps in re-generation of a neuron


Not all cells with myelinated cells have a neurilemma


Not found in brain and CNS neurons (white and grey matter)

Formation of Myelin

Schwann cells are glial cells that grow around axons.


Contain lipids


-acts as electrical insulation


-prevent impulses from moving off the pathway

Difference

Synapses

End plates do not touch other neurons, this is the space between

Three types of Neurons

Sensory-gather information


Interneurons-link between sensory and motor (CNS)


Motor-connect to muscles or glands (effectors)

Begin with sense organ receptor and carry impulses to the CNS (brain/spinal cord or both)

Interneuron

Connect neurons together (ex. Sensory and motor) they are found in the CNS

Receive impulses from the CNS and carry them to effectors like muscles or glands.

Reflex Arc

No brain coordination=fast


Five main components:


Receptor


Sensory Neuron


Interneuron in spinal cord


Motor Neuron


The effector (muscle of gland)

Peripheral Nervous System

Contains sensory and motor neurons.


Somatic nerves control skeletal muscle, bones and skin.


Autonomic nerves control internal organs, muscles and glands.

Neural Structures and Cells

Two types of cells: neurons (main) and glial cells (supporting)

A-Dendrites


B-Cell Body/membrane


C-Nucleus


D-Schwann Cells/Myelin Coating


E-Nodes of Ranvier


F-End Plate


G-Direction of Action Potential