Unit 7 Ch. 19 Biology 1 Vocabulary

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Virus

Back 1

Particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

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Chemoheterotroph

Back 2

Organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon

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Bacteriophage

Back 3

Virus that infects bacteria

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Lytic Cycle

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Process in which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA

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Lysogenic Cycle

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Process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA

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Prophage

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The viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell’s DNA

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Retrovirus

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Virus that contains RNA as its genetic information

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Prokaryote

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A single-celled organism lacking a nucleus

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Bacillus

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Rod-shaped prokaryote

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Spirillum

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Spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote

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Viroid

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Single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids

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Photoautotroph

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Organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds

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Chemoautotroph

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Organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions

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Photoheterotroph

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Organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source

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Obligate Aerobe

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Organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

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Obligate Anaerobe

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An organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen

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Capsid

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Outer protein coat of a virus

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Facultative Anaerobe

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Organism that can survive with or without oxygen

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Binary Fission

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Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

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Conjugation

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Form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information

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Endospore

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Type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm

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Saprophyte (Saprobe)

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Organism that obtains food from decaying organic matter

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Pathogen

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Disease-causing agent

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Antibiotic

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Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria

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Vaccine

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A preparation of weakened or killed pathogens

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Toxin

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A poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the tissues, and typically capable of inducing antibody formation

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Host Cell

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Main Cell???...

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Prion

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Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA

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Coccus

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Spherical prokaryote

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Nitrogen Fixation

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Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia

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Diplo-

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double : twofold

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Staphylo-

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any of various nonmotile gram-positive spherical bacteria (especially genus Staphylococcus) that occur singly, in pairs or tetrads, or in irregular clusters and include pathogens which infect skin and mucous membranes

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Strepto-

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twisted : twisted chain