Unit 6 Dna, Rna, And Protein Synthesis Vocabulary

Front 1

Polyploid cell

Back 1

A cell with more than two sets of chromosomes.

Front 2

Haploid cell

Back 2

A cell with one set of chromosomes.

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Diploid cell

Back 3

A cell with 6 chromosomes.

Front 4

Triploid cell

Back 4

A cell with 9 chromosomes.

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Sterile

Back 5

Unable to reproduce.

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Diploid cell

Back 6

A cell with two sets of chromosomes.

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Mutation

Back 7

Any changes in the sequence or amount of a cell's DNA.

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Point Mutation

Back 8

A mutation that only involves one or a few nucleotides. Has three types: substitution, deletion, and insertion.

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Chromosomal Mutation

Back 9

A mutation that involves changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.

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Substitution

Back 10

A mutation in which one nucleic acid is substituted for another, resulting in one new/ different amino acid.

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Insertion

Back 11

A mutation that is considered to be a frameshift mutation because it shifts the reading frame, resulting in a new string of amino acids.

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Deletion

Back 12

A mutation that is considered to be a frameshift mutation because it shifts the reading frame, resulting in a new string of amino acids. It also involves all loss of all or part of a chromosome.

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Duplications

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A mutation that produces extra copies of parts of a chromosome.

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Inversion

Back 14

A mutation in that reverses the direction of a mutation.

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Translocation

Back 15

The process in which portion of one chromosome breaks off and attaches itself to another chromosome.

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Transcription

Back 16

The information on the DNA is used to produce RNA.

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Translation

Back 17

The information on the RNA is used to make proteins.

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Messenger RNA

Back 18

Carries instructions for making proteins from the DNA to the ribosomes.

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Ribosomal RNA

Back 19

Combines with proteins to make ribosomes.

Front 20

Transfer RNA

Back 20

Carries amino acid to the ribosome to be assembled into proteins.