Unit 6 Ch. 18 Biology 1 Vocabulary

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Aristotle

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Aristotle believed that form caused matter to move and defined motion as the process by which the potentiality of matter (the thing itself) became the actuality of form (motion itself). He held that the Prime Mover alone was pure form and as the "unmoved mover" and final cause was the goal of all motion.

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Archaebacteria

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Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan

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Animalia

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Kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls

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Dichotomous Key

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A key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters

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Taxonomy

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Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name

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Classification

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Systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established criteria

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Phylogeny

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The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

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Kingdom

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Large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla

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Genus

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Group of closely related species and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature

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Phylum (Phyla)

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Group of closely related classes

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Binomial Nomenclature

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Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

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Molecular Clock

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Model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently

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Linnaeus

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Swedish botanist; a father of modern systematic botany and of modern system of nomenclature

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Cladogram

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Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

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Eubacteria

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Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan

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Plantae

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Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose

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Division

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A group of organisms forming part of a larger group

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Taxa (Taxon)

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Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

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Family

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Group of genera that share many characteristics

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Fungi (Fungus)

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Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; Many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter

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Class

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Group of similar orders

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Order

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Group of similar families

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Protista

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Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi