Unit 5-Review For Midterm

Front 1

To assess your client's lateral rotation, medial rotation and hyperextension would have you putting them lying in what position?

Back 1

Prone

Front 2

To assess your client's hip flexion, abduction and adduction would have you putting them lying in what position?

Back 2

Supine

Front 3

From a mechanical perspective, what is the primary function of the patella?

Back 3

To increase the pulling force of the quads

Front 4

Hyperextension of the hip is useful to stretch the hip flexors. However, at a certain point it is no longer beneficial or safe. Why?

Back 4

Because the inguinal ligament may entrap any of the N.A.V.L.

Front 5

If a quarter back is standing firmly on the ground and gets hit by a trackler below the knees from the front side, which ligament structure is most likely to be stressed the most?

Back 5

ACL

Front 6

Excessive stress on the lateral side of the knee would stress which of the supporting ligaments of the knee most?

Back 6

MCL

Front 7

The knee is capable of other motions than flexion/extension. Explain why.

Back 7

Lateral and Medial Rotation can happen with a flexed knee

Front 8

What type of contraction is the gluteus maximus engaging in on the side used to drive out of the blocks during the starting phase of a 100 meter sprint?

Back 8

Concentric

Front 9

Which of the gluteal muscles is most active in standing up from a sitting position?

Back 9

Glute max

Front 10

If a person is walking on a treadmill, what type of muscle contraction are the hamstrings using during the propulsion phase of the walking stride?

Back 10

Concentric

Front 11

As you observe your client's gait you notice one foot is turned out laterally as she walks. Which muscle group is most likely to be shortened?

Back 11

Lateral rotators

Front 12

What type of contraction are the hip flexors engaged in while a kicker is punting a football?

Back 12

Concentric

Front 13

Give an example of an eccentric contraction of the Iliopsoas muscle.

Back 13

The action is hyperextension
Example: Running

Front 14

What type of muscle contraction are the quadriceps engaging in during the push-off phase of sprinting?

Back 14

Concentric

Front 15

The Gracilis muscle provides stabilizing assistance to which ligament structure?

Back 15

MCL

Front 16

In which condition is the IT Band likely to be more stressed-genu valgum or genu varum?

Back 16

Genu Varum (Bow-Legged)

Front 17

What is the VMO and what can happen to knee mechanics when it is not functioning properly?

Back 17

Vastus Medialus Obliquus
Vastus Laterallus will pull patella laterally

Front 18

What muscle group would you concentrate on to assist a client with patellar tracking problems?

Back 18

Quads

Front 19

What effect would a weakened gluteus medius have on gait?

Back 19

It will create a duck walk because it will make the hip laterally rotated because the medial rotators are weak

Front 20

How would a shortened Iliopsoas muscle affect stride length during running?

Back 20

It would restrict hip extension and shorten stride length

Front 21

How do the Glute max and TFL play a major role in knee activity?

Back 21

Because if the IT Band is tight it will cause pain in the knee

Front 22

Why might an MRT for hip abduction produce pain in the lateral portion of the knee?

Back 22

IT Band

Front 23

Why might an MRT using plantar flexion reproduce pain behind the knee?

Back 23

The gastrocs cross the ankle and knee joints

Front 24

What type of muscle contraction are the quads engaging in during the descending phase of a squat exercise with free weights? (2)

Back 24

Rectus Femoris is shortening AND lengthening. But, as a group they are eccentrically contracting.

Front 25

What term refers to the inability of a two-joint muscle to fully stretch over both joints?

Back 25

Passive insufficiency

Front 26

Give an example of passive insufficiency with the hamstring muscle group

Back 26

Trying to stretch the hams with the knee flexed

Front 27

What term refers to the inability of a two-joint muscle to fully contract over both joints?

Back 27

Active insufficiency

Front 28

How does active insufficiency come into play with a seated leg extension weight machine?

Back 28

Inability to get the maximum contractile force because it crosses two joints

Front 29

This is often a sharp, prickling type of pain: localized to the epidermis and mucous membranes

Back 29

Superficial Somatic Pain

Front 30

This is likely to be burning or aching; results from stimulation of pain receptors in deep skin layers, muscles, or joints

Back 30

Deep Somatic Pain

Front 31

This type of pain results from stimulation of receptors in the organs of the thorax and abdominal cavity; usually a dull ache, burning, or feeling of pressure

Back 31

Visceral Pain

Front 32

What types of body pain are due to uninsulated nerve pathways?

Back 32

Deep Somatic Pain
Visceral Pain

Front 33

What types of body pain are due to insulated nerve pathways?

Back 33

Superficial Somatic Pain

Front 34

Name two substances that are created by the body to reduce pain

Back 34

Endorphines
Enkephalin

Front 35

What do we call the experience of pain through mechanisms other than nociception?

Back 35

Allodynia

Front 36

What is our built in sensory detection, transduction, and neural transmission of noxious events?

Back 36

Nociception

Front 37

Name four chemical substances that can stimulate nociceptors

Back 37

Bradykinin
Serotonin
Histamine
Substance P

Front 38

If you have a second injury to the same tissue why is it more intense the second time? And, what do we call this process?

Back 38

Because the nerve pathways were already created so it is much easier for the pain to travel

Hyperalgesia

Front 39

What is it called when you have stimulation of A-beta fibers by touch, rubbing, vibration, etc. which leads to inhibition of transmission of pain impulses in the dorsal horn?

Back 39

Gate Control Theory

Front 40

What is the pain relief called that is experienced through the gate control theory?

Back 40

Hyperstimulation Analgesia

Front 41

What is the difference between Bradykinin and Endorphins/Enkephalins?

Back 41

Bradykinin lets your body know you have pain. Endorphins/Enkephalins are naturally produced to help deal with pain.