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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DELOCALISED ELECTRON |
are shared between more than two atoms |
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ADDITION REACTION |
is one in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule |
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SUBSTITUTION REACTION |
is one in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms |
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ELECTROPHILE |
is an atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
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ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION |
is a type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
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REACTION MECHANISM |
is a series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction |
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CURLY ARROW |
a symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond |
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FUNCTIONAL GROUP |
the part of the organic molecule responsible for the chemical reactions
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond |
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STEM |
the longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule |
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SUFFIX |
the part of the name added after the stem
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REDOX REACTION |
is one in which reduction and oxidation take place |
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REFLUX |
the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry |
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NUCLEOPHILE |
is an atom of group of atoms that is attracted to an electron deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
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ESTERIFICATION |
the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water |
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HYDROLYSIS |
a reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds |
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LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (LDL) |
is responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues |
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HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL) |
can remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation |
