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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the three meninges that surround the cns |
Cranial meninges- surround the brain and are continuous with the spinal meninges Spinal meninges- surround the spinal cord * both have same structure Dura mater- most superficial and strongest. |
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Name the 4 regions of the brains and the subdivision of each, |
Cerebrum Diencephalon- thalamus & hypothalamus Brain stem- midbrain, Pons, medula oblongata Cerebellum |
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Ventricles |
Cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? |
Cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. Removes waste from the brain. |
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Meninges |
Connective tissue covering they surround the spinal cord and brain. |
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Blood-brain barrier |
Protects the CNS from harmful substances and pathogens by preventing passage of these substance from blood into the interstitial fluid of the brain tissue. |
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List all the ventricles of the brain and location. |
*1 lateral ventricle in each hemisphere of the cerebrum *third ventricle along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus *Fourth ventriclelies between the brain stem and the cerebellum |
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Gyri |
Cortical region rolls, folding upon itself |
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Fissures |
The deepest grooves between folds (gyri) |
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Sulci |
The shallow grooves between folds (gyri) |
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Longitudinal fissure |
Most prominent. Separates the cerebrum into right and left halves. |
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Corpus collosum |
How the cerebral hemisphere are connected internally. A broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the hemisphere. |
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Structure of the cerebrum |
deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres. The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which connects these two hemispheres. Nerve cells make up the gray surface of the cerebrum which is a little thicker than your thumb. White nerve fibers underneath carry signals between the nerve. |
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List the lobes of the cerebrum. |
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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Fiber Tracts |
Cerebral white matter consists of mostly tracts. Bundles of myelinated axons that propagate impulses throughout the CNS |
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3 types of tracts |
Association tract Commissural tracts Projection tracts |
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Association tract |
Contain axons that conduct impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere. |
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Commissural tract |
Contain axons that conduct impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere. |
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Projection tracts |
Contain axons that conduct impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or from lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum. |
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What do the three tracts do? |
Form white matter areas in the cerebral hemisphere. |
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Function of basal nuclei |
Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone. |
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Damage to Brocas area |
Not able to speak words; although, the person still knows what he/she wants to say |
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Damage to Wernickes area |
can still form words, but sentences do not make sense. |
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Damage to the Somatosensory Association Cortex |
agnosia-cannot tell what things are by looking at them |
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Visual association area |
visual agnosia - the inability to perceive or identify a stimulus, despite normal visual sensatio |
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3 parts of the Diencephalon |
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
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Function of the thalamus |
Transmit information from the cerebellum and basal nuclei to the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex. It also relays impulses between different areas of the cerebrum. |
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Function of the hypothalamus |
PRODUCTION of hormones Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns Control of body temperature |
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Function of the epithalamus |
retion of melatonin (pineal gland)Regulation of motor pathways and emotionsConnection with limbic system and basal ganglia |
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3 brain stem regions |
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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Location and function of midbrain. |
It is located near the center of the brain, under the cerebral cortex and on top of the hindbrain region. body temperature regulation, motor control, and sleep cycles. |
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Location and function of pons |
Area of the hindbrain that sits directly above the medulla Connects upper and lower parts of the brain |
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Location and structure of medulla oblongata |
Lower part of the brain stem Carries out and regulates life sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate |