Unit 4

Front 1

How did Andrew Jackson and his administration react to Texas becoming an independent republic in 1836?

Back 1

They formally recognized Texas as a sovereign republic.

Front 2

Due to their poverty, where did most Irish immigrants settle in the United States?

Back 2

the Northeast

Front 3

What did the Female Labor Reform Association campaign for?

Back 3

shorter working hours

Front 4

What caused friction to develop between the Mexican government and Anglo-American colonists in Texas?

Back 4

Many Anglo-American settlers refused to convert to Catholicism.

Front 5

After the Mexican-American War, the Young America movement shifted its focus to which of the following?

Back 5

economic growth and industrialization

Front 6

In the most extreme form of Manifest Destiny, what land would the United States ultimately occupy?

Back 6

the land that is occupied today by the United States and Canada

Front 7

What caused the Mexican-American War to last much longer than expected?

Back 7

The Mexicans stubbornly refused to make peace despite military defeats.

Front 8

Why did freight businesses not immediately shift to the railroads?

Back 8

Canal boats were cheaper.

Front 9

What brought most German immigrants to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s?

Back 9

They wanted to escape tough economic times.

Front 10

Which of the following demonstrates that economics was a major motivation for immigration?

Back 10

the peaks in immigration that correspond to times of economic prosperity

Front 11

Which of the following resulted from the new working class in the 1830s and 1840s?

Back 11

an upsurge of labor militancy

Front 12

In the early 1820s, Mexican officials encouraged settlers from the United States to settle in Texas with offers of which of the following?

Back 12

cheap, fertile land

Front 13

What was different about the American working class of the 1830s as compared to the American working class of the 1840s?

Back 13

In the 1830s, most male workers were artisans and few worked in factories, but by the 1840s, the proportion of male factory workers increased.

Front 14

What was the platform of Sam Houston, the first president of Texas?

Back 14

He was for annexation immediately after Texas declared independence.

Front 15

Which of the following was opposed to President Tyler's plan for the annexation of Texas?

Back 15

Northern antislavery Whigs

Front 16

During the Mexican-American War, what major issue came up for debate in Congress?

Back 16

to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico

Front 17

Which of the following forms of transportation had the greatest impact on the American economy during the 1840s and 1850s?

Back 17

the steamboat

Front 18

Which of the following inventions laid the basis for the ready-to-wear clothing industry?

Back 18

the sewing machine

Front 19

In 1860, what was both the main source of livelihood for individuals and the biggest contributor to the gross national product?

Back 19

farming

Front 20

Where did most of the immigrants to the United States come from in the 1840s and 1850s?

Back 20

Europe

Front 21

In 1856, which antislavery senator was almost beaten to death on the floor of the U.S. Senate by Representative Preston Brooks?

Back 21

Charles Sumner

Front 22

Harriet Beecher Stowe published her abolitionist novel ______ in 1852, and it was enormously successful.

Back 22

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Front 23

How did Abraham Lincoln argue about slavery in his debates with Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Senate race?

Back 23

He favored restricting slavery to the states where the Constitution protected it.

Front 24

What was true of most Northerners during the 1840s?

Back 24

They disliked slavery, but detested abolitionism.

Front 25

What made the Compromise of 1850 so difficult to pass?

Back 25

President Taylor opposed the compromise, and congressmen kept granting key concessions to rival parties.

Front 26

What were the different stands Democrats and Whigs took on annexation and slavery in new territories?

Back 26

Democrats endorsed expansion and a division of free and slave territories, while Whigs opposed annexation to avoid the slavery debate.

Front 27

What made Northerners so opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

Back 27

It permitted slavery in an area where it had previously been prohibited.

Front 28

How did the Republican Party manage to gain so much support in the 1850s?

Back 28

It wanted to prohibit slavery in the territories.

Front 29

What was true about the sectional quarrel between North and South during the 1840s and 1850s?

Back 29

It was increasingly seen in cultural and intellectual terms.

Front 30

What ultimately led to the Republican success in the election of 1860?

Back 30

Republicans were able to win decisively in the North.

Front 31

In what area did the Wilmot Proviso propose to ban slavery?

Back 31

in territory acquired from Mexico

Front 32

What was the difference between Northern and Southern evangelicalism in the mid-1800s?

Back 32

Northern evangelicalism focused on self-discipline and social reform; Southern evangelicalism focused on personal piety.

Front 33

For the Northern Democrats, who would determine whether a territory would have slavery, per the principle of squatter sovereignty, or popular sovereignty as it was later called?

Back 33

settlersWho was the "great pacificator"

Front 34

who established the Compromise of 1850?

Back 34

Henry Clay

Front 35

Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was considered an outrageous piece of legislation?

Back 35

enactment of the new Fugitive Slave Law

Front 36

In 1854, Stephen Douglas proposed a bill that would set up territorial governments in Kansas and Nebraska on the basis of what?

Back 36

popular sovereignty

Front 37

What did Ostend Manifesto of 1854 accuse the Pierce administration of doing?

Back 37

wanting to create a "Caribbean slave empire" by annexing Cuba

Front 38

What was the main reason that many native-born Americans disliked Irish and German immigrants?

Back 38

because they were mostly Roman Catholic

Front 39

What action took place after proslavery adherents raided Lawrence, the free-state capital of Kansas, in 1856?

Back 39

John Brown and his followers killed five proslavery settlers in cold blood.

Front 40

The tension between ________ became virtually "irreconcilable" in the years between the elections of 1856 and 1860.

Back 40

Northerners and Southerners

Front 41

What caused seven states to secede from the Union before any shots had been fired?

Back 41

the election of President Lincoln

Front 42

Who surrendered to the Union Army at Appomattox Court House in April of 1865?

Back 42

General Robert E. Lee

Front 43

What did the Sanitary Commission promote?

Back 43

cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care in Northern army camps

Front 44

Which best describes the South's goal in seceding from the Union?

Back 44

to re-create the Union as it had been before the Republican Party

Front 45

In the beginning, the Civil War was a ________.

Back 45

struggle to preserve the Union

Front 46

To secure the necessary troops for the war, both the North and the South ________.

Back 46

resorted to a draft

Front 47

During the war, the Confederate economy ________.

Back 47

suffered from severe inflation

Front 48

Why did Northern sentiment to free the slaves increase as the war dragged on?

Back 48

People recognized that emancipation could be used as a weapon against the South's economic and social systems.

Front 49

What caused the New York Riot of July 1863?

Back 49

a combination of racial prejudice and class conflict

Front 50

Which statement best characterizes Sherman's march through Georgia?

Back 50

Sherman destroyed almost anything of military or economic value in his path.

Front 51

As a result of the war, how did the American society change?

Back 51

The United States became a more highly organized country in which large corporations grew.

Front 52

Cooperationists believed that the slave states ________.

Back 52

should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time

Front 53

Why did Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina join the Confederacy only after the attack at Fort Sumter?

Back 53

When given a choice of whether to fight for or against states that had already seceded, those states sided with the Confederacy.

Front 54

The Crittenden compromise would have ________.

Back 54

extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific

Front 55

The first shots of the Civil War were fired at ________.

Back 55

Fort Sumter

Front 56

In 1861, Lincoln declared martial law and suspended the _________ in the area between Philadelphia and Washington.

Back 56

writ of Habeas Corpus

Front 57

The Emancipation Proclamation freed ________.

Back 57

only slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas

Front 58

During the Civil War, about ________ African Americans served in the Union Army.

Back 58

200,000

Front 59

Copperheads ________.

Back 59

were militant antiwar activists

Front 60

The victory at ________ gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

Back 60

Vicksburg

Front 61

Andrew Johnson believed that Reconstruction should _______.

Back 61

guarantee that the Southern ruling class would not regain power

Front 62

The term “Reconstruction” refers to the _______.

Back 62

period immediately following the Civil War

Front 63

The Redeemers _______.

Back 63

believed in the principles of laissez-faire and white supremacy

Front 64

What was the main implication behind Black Codes?

Back 64

Southerners wanted African Americans to return to positions of servitude.

Front 65

What was the main belief of the Radical Republicans?

Back 65

that the rights of freedmen should be insured by the federal government

Front 66

What was a result of the congressional elections of 1866?

Back 66

The results served as a referendum on the Fourteenth Amendment.

Front 67

Why did the House of Representatives impeach President Johnson?

Back 67

because he challenged the Tenure of Office Act by removing the Secretary of War

Front 68

How did former slaves' ideas about their freedom conflict with the ideas of their Northern allies?

Back 68

Freed blacks wanted to continue with a family-based communal work system, but Northerners wanted them to become individual wage earners.

Front 69

What was the public's general impression of Ulysses S. Grant?

Back 69

He could not resolve the problems of the time

Front 70

What was the main reason for the Ku Klux Klan's success in the South after 1868?

Back 70

popular support from whites of all social classes

Front 71

What did Republican leaders agree to do in order to ensure the election of Rutherford Hayes?

Back 71

end federal support for Southern radical regimes

Front 72

Why did Andrew Johnson resist the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment?

Back 72

Johnson strongly supported states' rights and felt that these laws did not allow states to manage their own affairs.

Front 73

President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans were committed to _______.

Back 73

rapidly readmitting the Southern states to the Union

Front 74

What was the legacy of Reconstruction for most African Americans?

Back 74

poverty and discrimination

Front 75

Which of the following required 50 percent of Southern voters to take an oath of loyalty to the Union before the Southern states could regain their status as states?

Back 75

Wade-Davis Bill

Front 76

President Andrew Johnson eventually was _______.

Back 76

opposed by Radical Republicans

Front 77

Which of the following constitutional amendments attempted to ensure the civil rights of formerslaves?

Back 77

Fourteenth

Front 78

The First Reconstruction Act of 1867 _______.

Back 78

placed the South under military rule

Front 79

During Reconstruction, most African Americans _______.

Back 79

continued to work on rural farms

Front 80

What amendment to the Constitution states that no person could be denied the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude?

Back 80

Fifteenth