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14 Cards in this Set
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM |
Digestion Allows your body to get the nutrients and energy it needs from the food you eat Mouth Mechanical digestion, salivary amylase starts protein breakdown Esophagus Peristalsis pushes food down tube Stomach Holds food while being mixed with enzymes to help with digestion Small Intestine most digestion occurs here, absorption of nutrients Pancreas Secretes digestive enzymes Liver Produces bile to help digest fat Gall Bladder Store bile Large Intestine Responsible for processing waste so that emptying the bowels is easy and convenient |
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ENZYMES |
Salivary amylase Starches and carbohydrates Pepsin Proteins Pancreatic Amylase Starches and Carbohydrates Lipases Fats Proteases Proteins Catalysts Facilitates or helps a reaction to occur more readily by reducing the energy required for the reaction to occur Lock and Key model Induced Fit model Substrate Active Sites |
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ENZYME (Lock and Key Model) |
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ENZYME (Induced Fit Model) |
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ATP |
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |
Alveoli Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs Bronchi Pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs Minute Volume The volume of air breathed in one minute without conscious effort. [tidal volume X (breaths/minute)] Residual Volume The volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation Spirometer An instrument for measuring the air entering and leaving the lungs Tidal Volume The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort Vital Capacity The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation |
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GAS EXCHANGE |
Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide (the respiratory gases) move in opposite directions across an organism's respiratory membranes, between the air or water of the external environment and the body fluids of the internal environment The net diffusion of a substance occurs because of a difference in its concentration, or gradient Within an animal's body, as oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide produced, the concentration gradient of the two gases provides the direction for their diffusion As air or water nears the respiratory membrane, the oxygen concentration on the outside of the membrane is higher than on the internal side so oxygen diffuses inward The concentration gradient for carbon dioxide is in the opposite direction, and so net diffusion of carbon dioxide keep sit diffusing out of the body |
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URINARY SYSTEM |
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URINARY SYSTEM |
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URINARY SYSTEM |
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URINARY SYSTEM |
The tole of the kidneys is to maintain homeostasis by controlling the chemical composition of the blood. The kidneys do this by: Removing waste products from the blood Leaving nutrients such as proteins and glucose in the blood Maintaining the acid-base balance Regulating water electrolyte balance |
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URINALYSIS |
A test that determines the content of the urine Macroscopic Examination Color and clarity Chemical Analysis pH, specific gravity, protein content, glucose content, ketone content Microscopic Examination Red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria |
