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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antimicrobial drug resistance |
Ability of a microorganism to resist effects of an antimicrobial agent. |
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Innate |
Naturally/inherently resistant to antimicrobial agent.....example(G- with vancomycin) |
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Acquired |
Gain ability to resist antimicrobial agent.(mutation or hort. Gene trans) |
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Reduced permeability |
Blocks entry antibiotic cannot reach target. |
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Efflux pump |
Pump antibiotic out of cell. |
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Alteration of target |
Antibiotic no longer binds to target |
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Metabolic bypass |
Alternative metabolic pathways |
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Inactivating enzymes |
Modification of the antimicrobial by bacterial enzyme. |
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Wild-type strain |
Typically refers to the strain isolated from nature or the most common genotype in a population. |
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Mutant |
Strain of cell or virus differing from parental strain in genotype. |
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Mutations |
Stable, heritable change in DNA sequence. |
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Point mutation |
Change in a single nucleotide in DNA....may result from errors in replication. |
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Silent mutation |
Phenotype unaltered(redundancy of genetic code) |
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Nonsense mutation |
Early termination during translation (stop codon); truncated proteins;often non-functional product; usually fatal to microbe. |
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Missense |
Most of what we will observe are these mutations that alter the functionality of an important polypeptide. |
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Frameshift mutation |
Addition or deletion of nucleotide ( usually fatal to microbe, truncated, non-functional protein.) |
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Spontaneous basis for mutation |
Random changes:DNA replication error. |
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Induced basis for mutation |
Environmentally induced error ( physical or chemical).... external intervention. |
