Unit 3> Cell Structure And Function

Front 1

Where are cell structures found?

Back 1

In plant and animal cells

Front 2

Three organelles an animal cell has that a plant cell doesn't

Back 2

Lysosomes

Flagella

Cilia

Front 3

Three organelles a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn't

Back 3

Central Vacuoles

Chloroplast

Cell Wall

Front 4

What is a celll?

Back 4

Is the basic unit of life that carries out processes required for life

Front 5

Who created the first compound microscope and in what year?

Back 5

Janssen (Dutch glass maker)

in the 1500's

Front 6

Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name?

Back 6

Hooke

*First observed dead cork cells

Front 7

Leewenhoek's contributions

Back 7

More powerful lenses

*First described cells as 'animacules'

Front 8

He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory:

Back 8

Schleiden

Front 9

What did Schwann say?

Back 9

"All living things are made of cells and cell products"

Front 10

He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells:

Back 10

Virchow

Front 11

Major types of cells

Back 11

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Front 12

Main types of eukaryotic cells

Back 12

Animal and Plant cells

Front 13

Function of the cell/plasma membrane

Back 13

Is a barrier that controls what goes in and out of the cell.

*Angalogy= skin of the cell

Front 14

Specific characteristic of cell membrane

Back 14

Is selectively permeable; this means is choosy about what comes in and out of the cell

Front 15

What is the function of the Cytoeskeleton?

Back 15

Functions: Support and shape the cell; give it strength; helps position and transport cell organelles; helps in cell division

-network if fibers

*Analogy= skeleton/bones

Front 16

Structure of Cytoeskeleton

Back 16

Made up of microtubules (large) and microfilaments (small)

Front 17

Function of the nucleus

Back 17

Control center of the cell. Houses DNA; tells the cell how to act

*Analogy= brain

Front 18

Structure of nucleus

Back 18

Nucleolus

Nuclear Pores

Nuclear Envelope

Front 19

Function of nuclear envelope and nuclear pores

Back 19

Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Front 20

Function of nucleulous

Back 20

Make ribosome; stores RNA; is inside de nucleus.

Front 21

What are ribosomes for? and where are they found?

Back 21

usually found attached to the rough er

they make protein

Front 22

Purpose and structure of rough endoplasmic retriculum

Back 22

has ribosomes

helps make protein; helps transport materials throughout the cell

*analogy= maze

Front 23

Purpose and structure of smooth endoplasmic retriculum

Back 23

It detoxifies substances (alcohol, medicines)

*Analogy= liver in the body

Front 24

What does 'detoxify' mean?

Back 24

To make sth less toxic

Front 25

Function of golgi apparatus

Back 25

Collects and packages protein and lipids in vesicles

Makes lysosomes

*Analogy= set of pancakes

Front 26

How can you tell by looking at someone's cells whether or not they consume a large amount of medicine or alcohol on a regular basis?

Back 26

The more alcohol or drugs someone consumes, the more smooth ER they will have in order to detoxify the substances.

Front 27

Mitochondria's function

Back 27

provides energy

ATP production

cellular respiration takes place here

*Analogy= comapa in tampico

Front 28

How are liver cells different from muscles cells?

Back 28

Liver cells = detoxify substances = more smooth endoplasmic retriculum

Muscle cells = move, need energy = more mitochondria

Front 29

What are vesicles and vacuoles for?

Back 29

to store and transport materials around and between the cell.

vacuoles store water to supply the cell

Front 30

Lysosomes' function

Back 30

digest unwanted material

has digestive enzymes

*Analogy= stomach in the human body

Front 31

Is cilia present in all types of cells?

Back 31

no; not present in plant and prokaryotic cells.

present in some animal cells

Front 32

Flagella is present in what types of cells..

Back 32

in some prokaryotic, animal and plant cells.

Front 33

Cilia's function

Back 33

Helps things move past the cell. It covers the outside of the cell.

*Analogy= small hair

Front 34

Flagella function's

Back 34

helps entire cell move from one place to another

*Analogy= legs

Front 35

What is the cytoplasm for?

Back 35

Provides structure and to the cell

Front 36

Difference between cytosol and cytoplasm

Back 36

Cytosol: jelly-like subtance that fills the cell

Cytoplasm= cytosol + organelles (everything on the inside)

Front 37

what is fluid?

Back 37

filled sacs that hold materials like water, nutrients, and waste.

Front 38

Function and structure of cell wall

Back 38

it provides support.

Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane

Front 39

pigment that makes plants appear green

Back 39

chloropyll

Front 40

Function of chloroplast

Back 40

where photosynthesis takes place

sun ligh ir converted into sugar and oxygen (oxygen and glucose)

Front 41

type of organisms that have prokaryotic cells

Back 41

single-celled organisms

like bacteria

Front 42

function of peroxisome

Back 42

breaks down fatty and amino acids.

detoxifies poisons. if it detecs sth strange it catches it and terminates it

*Analogy= security guard of the cell

Front 43

how are stacks of thylakoids called?

how is only ONE stack called?

Back 43

grana for many stacks

granum for a singular stack

Front 44

what is protein syntheis?

Back 44

process by which cells generate new proteins

Front 45

what happen when an organelle dies?

Back 45

When organelles die, lysosomes move in and digest the organelle.

Front 46

what is a centrioles and what's its function?

Back 46

are two small organelles inside the cell

they help the cell when it comes to divide

Front 47

main function of endoplasmic retriculum

Back 47

to transport materials [intracellular highway]

Front 48

what is the cell wall made of?

Back 48

depends:

plants and algae- cellulose

bacteria - peptidoglycan

fungi - chitin

Front 49

function of cell membrane

Back 49

Keeps everything inside the cell

controls passage of materials

forms a boundary between the outside and inside of the cell

Front 50

what is mitosis?

Back 50

duplication of a cell. this reult in two new cells (daughter cells).

Front 51

Definition of Fluid Mosaic Model

Back 51

describes plasma membrane as a fluid combination of cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates

Front 52

what are cellular receptos?

Back 52

Proteins that detect a signal molecule (ligand) and perform an action in response

Front 53

what is diffusion

Back 53

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 54

what is tonicity?

Back 54

Is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.

Front 55

types of tonicity

Back 55

isotonic

hypertonic

hypotonic

Front 56

cell membrane components

Back 56

-phopholipid bilayer

-cholesterol

-carbohydrates

-integral and peripherial protein

Front 57

parts of a phospholipid

Back 57

-charged phosphate group

-glycerol

-two fatty acid chains

Front 58

are the fatty acid chains in the phospholipid polar or non-polar?

Back 58

they are non-polar bc they are hydrophobic

Front 59

structure of cell membrane

Back 59

it is composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Front 60

characteristics of the fluid mosaic model

Back 60

flexible

proteins do not flip

molecules embedded make it appear like a mosaic

Front 61

function of cholesterol in the fluis mosaic model

Back 61

it gives it strength

Front 62

what are proteins for in fluis mosaic model?

Back 62

to help material pass through the membrane.

Front 63

what are carbohydrate for in fluis mosaic model?

Back 63

they serve as tags to identificte one cell from another

Front 64

types of receptors?

Back 64

intracellular and membrane receptors