Unit 3 Biology Test

Front 1

Cell Theory (3 things)

Back 1

1. All living things come from cells
a. Heredity - DNA - is passed from cell to cell
2. Cells only come from other cells
a. All have basically same chemical composition
3. Cells are the smallest unit of life
a. Energy flow occurs within cells

Front 2

1st used the word "cell"

Back 2

Robert Hooke

Front 3

Prokaryote

Back 3

 First (before nucleus)
 Cells that do not have a nucleus
 No organelles
 Always single-cell
 Exist almost every where on earth
 Impossible to see them with the unaided eye (tiny)
 Most have a cell wall
 added oxygen to atmosphere

Front 4

Eukaryote

Back 4

 Second (made from groups of prokaryotes)
 Cells that do have a nucleus
 Has organelles
 Can be single-cell or multi-cellular
 Exist almost every where on earth
 Possible to see them with the unaided eye (bigger than prokaryotes)
 Only plants, algae and fungus have cell wall, others have cell membrane
 Are placed in either the Protista, Plant, Animal or the Fungi Kingdoms

Front 5

Cell wall

Back 5

• Outer layer of cell
• like the skin
• found only in plant, algae and fungi cells
• provides structure for the cell

Front 6

Cell membrane

Back 6

• outer layer of an animal cell
• lining around organelles and nucleus
• holds everything inside the cell or inside organelles

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

gooey insides of the cell

Front 8

Cytoskeleton

Back 8

• protein fingers inside cell that support the cell and help move things around

Front 9

Centrioles

Back 9

• helps organize process of cell division in animal cells

Front 10

Unicellular

Back 10

• One cell is the whole organism
• BACTERIA

Front 11

Multicellular

Back 11

• An organism has more than one cell
• HUMAN

Front 12

Three primary lenses

Back 12

Objective Lenses
• 4X (scanning lens)
• 10X (low power)
• 40X (high power)

Front 13

One secondary lens

Back 13

Ocular Lens
• 10X

Front 14

Compound Light Microscope

Back 14

These microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional. This microscope is the most commonly used. You can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution. (The one we use in class)

Front 15

Scanning Electron Microscope

Back 15

This microscope uses electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen. The pictures are in black and white.

Front 16

Transmission Electron Microscope

Back 16

This microscope is electron illuminated. This gives a 2-D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution.

Front 17

Cellular Transport (2 types)

Back 17

1)Active - ATP is required for transport
2)Passive - no ATP required for transport

Front 18

Active Transport (2 types)

Back 18

1)Protein directed - proteins form passages through the membrane to allow specific molecules through
2)Vesicle directed
a) Endocytosis - bringing things into the cell
b) Exocytosis - "pooping" - getting rid of waste

Front 19

Endocytosis (2 types)

Back 19

Phagocytosis - eating
Pinocytosis - drinking

Front 20

Concentration

Back 20

Mass of solute in a given volume of liquid.
Mass/Volume or g/L (grams per liter)

Front 21

Osmosis

Back 21

The diffusion of water through the cell membrane

Front 22

Diffusion

Back 22

Passive transport where molecules of various types follow normal flow (high to low)

Front 23

Hypotonic

Back 23

• Solution has more solutes than the cell
• More water exits the cell
• Cell shrivels and possibly dies

Front 24

Hypertonic

Back 24

• Solution has fewer solutes than the cell
• More water enters the cell
• Cell expands and may burst

Front 25

Isotonic

Back 25

•A solution that has the same concentration of particles as the cell.
•The healthiest state of a cell
•Water molecules move in and out at the same rate
•Cell size remains constant