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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gamete
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a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.
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Gene
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the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.
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allele
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One of the alternative forms of a gene which can occur at a given point on a chromosome
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locus
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Locus (genetics), the position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on a chromosome.
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homologous pair
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structures are said to be homologous if they are alike because of shared ancestry.
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dominant
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In genetics, a dominant gene is one that is expressed when heterozygous with a recessive allele of the gene. It is a feature of diseases that inherit in an autosomal dominant fashion.
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resessive
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In genetics, a characteristic which becomes apparent only when an individual has inherited two copies of similar or identical alleles.
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homozygous
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means that it carries two identical copies of that gene for a given trait on the two corresponding chromosomes
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heterozygous
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has different alleles
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phenotype
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The outward appearance of a specific single gene
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genotype
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The genes carried by an individual member of an organism
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law of segregation
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is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children
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law of independent assortment
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this law states that the one gene's inheritance is not affected by that of another.
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