Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tissues
|
all same type of cell
|
|
Cell theory
|
Are the basic unit of structure and function of living things and all cells come from pre-existing cells
|
|
What are the exceptions to the cell theory?
|
The first cell, viruses, and chloroplast and mitochondria
|
|
Prokaryotes
|
Simple-no true nucleus or membround bound organelle-bacteria
|
|
eukaryotes
|
complex-true nucleus and membrane bound organelle- it is us
|
|
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
|
discovered unicellular organisms in pond water
|
|
Robert Hooke
|
examined tree bark and discovered cell wall- branded the word cell
|
|
Robert Brown
|
discovered the cell nucleus
|
|
Matthias Schleiden
|
Studied plants and determined all plants have cells
|
|
Theodor Schwann
|
studied animals and determined all animals have cells
|
|
Rudolph Virchow
|
concluded all cells come from pre-existing cells
|
|
compound light microscope
|
major tool for cell study
|
|
electron microscope
|
most powerful microscope- study organelles
|
|
dissecting microscope
|
for use during dissections
|
|
ultracentifuge
|
separates cell parts according to their densities
|
|
microdissection instruments
|
removal, addition, or transfer of individual cell organelles
|
|
what stains are used to study cells more in detail
|
lugols iodine and methylene blue
|
|
cell membrane
|
outer membrane- regulates transport of materials into and out of cell- semi-permeable
|
|
cytoplasm
|
fluid-like environment between nucleus and plasma membrane
|
|
nucleus
|
center of cell- has genetic information and is the control center
|
|
nucleolus
|
in nucleus- helps make ribosomes
|
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum
|
series of membranes associated with storage, synthesis, and transport of substances within the cell
|
|
Ribosomes
|
sites of protein synthesis- often attached to ER
|
|
mitochondria
|
power houses of cell- cellular respiration and production of ATP
|
|
golgi complex
|
membrane bound sacs that synthesize, package, and secrete cellular products
|
|
lysosomes
|
have digestive enzymes which breakdown materials
|
|
vacuole
|
a space in a cell surrounded by membrane
|
|
centriole
|
found in cytoplasm- in animal cells
|
|
Chloroplast
|
found in plant and algae cells- pigment containing structures which are site for photosynthesis
|
|
cell wall
|
made of cellulose- surrounds, protects, and supports a plant cell
|
|
plant cells-
|
have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts
|
|
plant cells-
|
have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts
|
|
plant cells-
|
have cell wall-large vacuoles- chloroplasts
|
|
animal cells-
|
have centrioles
|
|
what are the objective leness
|
theyre the closest to the specimen
|
|
low power lense:
|
shorter lens, less magnification
|
|
high power lens
|
longer lens, more magnification
|
|
what power is the ocular lens or eyepiece
|
10k
|
|
what does the light do in the microscope
|
it produces the image
|
|
function of tube
|
holds the lenses
|
|
nosepiece
|
rotates the objective lenses
|
|
stage
|
platform on which the specimen is mounted
|
|
clips
|
hold the slide into position
|
|
diaphragm
|
controls amount of light passing through the specimen
|
|
light source
|
mirror or electric light
|
|
arm
|
holds the tube and the stage
|
|
base
|
supports the microscope
|
|
coarse adjustment
|
focusing under low power- dont use under high power
|
|
fine adjustment
|
focusing under high power
|
|
magnification equation
|
power of objective * power of ocular
|
|
resoulution
|
the ability of a microscope to show two points that are close together as separate images
|
|
inversion
|
the image that the microscope produces is inverted
|
|
metric unit used with microscope
|
microns or micrometers
|
|
how many milimeters are in a micrometer
|
1 mm- 1000 micrometers
|
|
transport
|
includes the passage of materials into the cells (absorption) and the distribution within the cells and throughout the organisms (circulation)
|
|
structure of the cell membrance
|
made up of lipids and proteins- two layers
|
|
the three factors that determine whether or not a material will pass through the cell membrane
|
size, shape, and chemical properties
|
|
functin of cell membrane
|
to selectively regulate hte passage of materials in and out of the cell- aids in keeping homeostatis
|
|
diffusion
|
movement of material from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration
|
|
osmosis
|
diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane
|
|
facilitated diffusion
|
diffusion through a cell membrane protein channel
|
|
concentration gradient
|
the difference in the concentration of a material across a cell membrane
|
|
dynamic equilibrium
|
moving state of balance
|
|
active transport
|
requires energy from cell- can happen in either high to low concentratin or vice versa- transport is assisted by carrier proteins (pumps)
|
|
phagocytosis
|
when a cell engulfs large undissolved particles and encloses them in a vacuole (requires energy)
|
|
pinocytosis
|
when a cell engulfs large dissolved particles and lipids( requires energy)
|
|
endocytosis
|
taking in
|
|
exocytosis
|
taking out
|