Integumentary System

Front 1

What is cellulitis?

Back 1

Skin infection caused by bacteria, most often staph and strep, that invade through the skin and deeper tissues.

Front 2

How long do most cases of cellulitis last?

Back 2

Several days to a couple weeks

Front 3

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

Back 3

Antibiotics

Front 4

Who is at high risk for developing cellulitis?

Back 4

Diabetes

Front 5

What are the risks for developing a fungal infection?

Back 5

Poor hygiene

Front 6

What are the risks for developing a bacterial infection?

Back 6

Being in a hospital

Radiation/chemotherapy

HIV

Front 7

What are the most common causes of bacterial infections?

Back 7

Staphylococcus and streptococcus

Front 8

What are some example of bacterial skin infections?

Back 8

Impetigo

Cellulitis

Front 9

What is impetigo?

Back 9

Superficial skin infection

Front 10

What skin infection is a deep infection?

Back 10

Cellulitis

Front 11

What usually causes cellulitis?

Back 11

A break in the skin allowing a pathogen to access underlying tissue.

Front 12

What are the most infectious bites to develop cellulitis?

Back 12

Most infectious--human bites

Cat bites

Front 13

What are the signs and symptoms of cellulitis?

Back 13

Hyperemia

Erythema

SHARP

Front 14

What are the nursing considerations for cellulitis?

Back 14

Medication allergies

Neuro checks

Mark around area of redness

Front 15

What type of burns are especially high risk for developing compartment syndrome?

Back 15

Circumferential burns

Front 16

How do you do neuro checks?

Back 16

5 Ps of neurovascular assessment

Front 17

What do you mark when marking redness of cellulitis?

Back 17

Date

Front 18

What does erythema mean?

Back 18

Redness

Front 19

What does hyperemia mean?

Back 19

Increased blood flow due to vasodilation causes engorgement of congestion of the tissue

Front 20

What does maceration mean?

Back 20

Whiteness around injury from moisture

Front 21

What type of hypersensitivity is contact dermatitis?

Back 21

Type 4 delayed hypersensitivity

Front 22

What are the types of hypersensitivity?

Back 22

Type 1 anaphylactic/allergic

Type 2 cytotoxic

Type 3 immune complex disease

Type 4 delayed hypersensitivity

Front 23

What does Urticaria mean?

Back 23

Hives

Front 24

What does pruritus mean?

Back 24

Itching

Front 25

What are the types of contact dermatitis?

Back 25

Allergic dermatitis

Irritant dermatitis

Idiopathic

Front 26

What are some examples that cause allergic dermatitis?

Back 26

Soap

Latex

Perfumes

Metal

Front 27

What are some examples that cause irritant dermatitis?

Back 27

Cleaners

Soaps

Makeup

Manufacturing chemicals on new clothing

Many chemicals and solvents

Front 28

Does cold or warm weather cause skin to dehydrate faster?

Back 28

Cold

Front 29

What are some examples of idiopathic contact dermatitis?

Back 29

Itchy scalp from dryness or build up of hair products

Winter itch due to dry skin during colder months

Front 30

What is often a precursor to anaphylaxis?

Back 30

Urticaria

Front 31

What drugs are given for contact dermatitis?

Back 31

Epinephrine

Antihistamine

Steroid

Front 32

How long does it take for pressure ulcers to develop?

Back 32

12 to 24 hours

Front 33

What is least resistance will become necrotic before skin breakdown when talking about pressure ulcers?

Back 33

Muscle

Front 34

What are the risk factors for developing pressure ulcers?

Back 34

Age

Incontinence

Mobility limitation

Smoking

Nutritional status

Diabetes

Steroids

Front 35

What are the stages of pressure ulcers?

Back 35

Suspected deep tissue injury

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Unstageable

Front 36

What does a suspected deep tissue injury look like?

Back 36

Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure or shear

Front 37

What does a stage 1 pressure ulcer look like?

Back 37

Intact skin with signs of impending ulceration, initially presenting non blanchable erythema indicating reactive hyperemia

Front 38

What does a stage 2 pressure ulcer look like?

Back 38

A partial thickness loss of skin involving epidermis and dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed, without Slough. May also present as intact or open/ruptured serum filled blister

Front 39

What does a stage 3 pressure ulcer look like?

Back 39

A full thickness loss of skin with extension into subcutaneous tissue but not through the underlying fascia. May include undermining tunneling

Front 40

What does a stage 4 pressure ulcer look like?

Back 40

A full thickness tissue loss with extension into muscle, bone, tendon, or joint capsule. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often includes undermining tunneling.

Front 41

What does an unstageable pressure ulcer look like

Back 41

Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by yellow, tan, gray, green or brown and eschar (Tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.

Front 42

What does eschar mean?

Back 42

Tan, brown or black dying skin

Front 43

What is the biggest cause of skin cancer?

Back 43

Sun exposure

Front 44

What is a benign skin tumor resulting from the excessive proliferation of blood vessel cells.

Back 44

Angiomas

Front 45

What type of tumors are present or at near the surface of the skin and can appear anywhere on the body?

Back 45

Angiomas

Front 46

What type of tumors are entirely harmless to the body unless it is damaging adjacent tissues?

Back 46

Angiomas

Front 47

Why are angiomas removed?

Back 47

For cosmetic reasons

Front 48

What is actinic keratosis?

Back 48

Pre-cancerous skin lesions

Front 49

What is another name for actinic keratosis?

Back 49

Solar keratosis

Front 50

What does actinic keratosis present with and where?

Back 50

Small scaly patches that are caused by too much sun. Commonly occur on the head, neck, or hands but can be found elsewhere

Front 51

Why is actinic keratosis removed?

Back 51

To prevent the development of squamous cell skin cancer

Front 52

Who is at risk for actinic keratosis?

Back 52

Fair skin, blonde, or red haired people with blue or green eyes

Front 53

What are the types of skin cancer?

Back 53

Basal cell

Squamous cell

Melanoma

Front 54

What is the most common and least lethal type of skin cancer?

Back 54

Basal cell carcinoma

Front 55

What is the second most common and second most lethal type of skin cancer?

Back 55

Squamous cell carcinoma

Front 56

What is the least common and most lethal type of skin cancer?

Back 56

Melanoma

Front 57

What is the most dangerous form of skin cancer?

Back 57

Melanoma

Front 58

What type of skin cancer has the common sign of a persistent non-healing sore that bleeds, loses, or crusts and remains open for a few weeks only to heal up and then bleed again?

Back 58

Basal cell carcinoma

Front 59

What does basal cell carcinoma often look like?

Back 59

Open sores

Red patches

Pink growth

Shiny bumps

Scars

Front 60

What does squamous cell carcinoma typically appear as?

Back 60

Persistent, thick, rough, scaly patches that can bleed if bumped, scratched or scraped. They often look like warts and sometimes appear as open sores with raised borders and a crusted surface. They can become disfiguring and sometimes deadly if allowed to grow

Front 61

Where does squamous cell carcinoma appear?

Back 61

May occur in all areas of the body including the mucous membranes in genitals, but are most common in areas frequently exposed to the sun. Such as the rim of the ear, lower lip, face, balding scalp, neck, hands, arms and legs.

Front 62

What type of tumors originate in the pigment-producing melanocytes of the skin?

Back 62

Melanoma carcinoma

Front 63

What type of carcinoma is caused mainly by intense, occasional UV exposure especially in those who are genetically predisposed to the disease?

Back 63

Melanoma

Front 64

What type of carcinoma can arise from an existing mole or develop a new lesion?

Back 64

Melanoma

Front 65

True or false, melanoma in the early stages is curable?

Back 65

True

Front 66

How much does indoor tanning increase melanoma risk?

Back 66

74%

Front 67

When should moles be checked?

Back 67

When they are shrinking, growing larger, changing color, beginning to itch or bleed.

When a portion of the mole appears newly elevated or raised from the skin.

Front 68

Anyone who has a hundred moles is it a greater risk for what type of carcinoma?

Back 68

Melanoma

Front 69

What type of carcinoma lesions often grow in size or change in height rapidly?

Back 69

Melanoma

Front 70

What are the ABCDE's of mole assessment?

Back 70

Asymmetry: one side of the mall is not the same as the other side

Border: of mole is irregular

Color: is variable black, brown, tan colors in the same mole or dark color

Diameter: >6 mm

Elevation: raised from the surrounding skin

Evolution: changes in the appearance of nevi overtime

Front 71

What type of burn may require an escharotomy?

Back 71

Third degree

Front 72

What type of burns at risk for compartment syndrome and or joint contracture?

Back 72

Third degree

Front 73

What can burn injuries result in?

Back 73

Local and systemic responses

Front 74

What is the first step in self-management of contact/irritant dermatitis?

Back 74

Identify and remove the causative agent

Front 75

A woman who has been on 2 antibiotics takes her tongue Burns and she does not want to eat. Her tongue is white with milky plaque that does not rub off. What condition does she have?

Back 75

Candidiasis

Front 76

A young boy is admitted to the ER with 50% Burns to the chest and legs. The skin is white, dry, and there is no pain. Which type of burn does the boy have?

Back 76

Third degree burns

Front 77

A fire in a Campground went out of control and a man sustained Burns To His Hands, arms, and chest. Another camper immediately removed his ring from his Burned hand. Why did he do this?

Back 77

To prevent a tourniquet effect

Front 78

What skin disorder seen in elderly person's is considered a premalignant lesion?

Back 78

Actinic keratosis

Front 79

What changes are normal in elderly populations?

Back 79

The dermis and epidermis thin as one ages.

A thickening of blood vessels.

Skin may become dry, rough, and scaly.

Front 80

A child has been admitted to the Burn Unit after pulling a pan of hot water off the stove. Given the fact that there is primarily 2nd and 3rd degree burns, the healthcare worker should prioritize care to focus on what?

Back 80

1. Focus on replacing fluids that have been lost from the vascular, interstitial, and cellular compartments.

2 . Assess for indications that the child's Airway has been compromised by assessing breath sounds and voice quality.

3. Maintain sterile field when doing dressing changes and debridement.

Front 81

What is the most immediate threat to a 44 year-old man who has been brought into the emergency department with severe electrical Burns resulting from a workplace accident?

Back 81

Hemodynamic instability

Front 82

What does plueral edema cause?

Back 82

Left sided heart failure

Front 83

What does inhalation of caustic fumes cause?

Back 83

Inhalation pneumonia

Front 84

What are the respiratory changes of burns?

Back 84

Inflammatory mediators cause bronchoconstriction, and in severe burns adult respiratory distress syndrome can occur.

Front 85

What do burns above the nipple line require?

Back 85

Need for Rapid intubation

Front 86

What does inhalation of superheated air do?

Back 86

Instantly boils the throat and Airway tissue.

Front 87

What is the systemic response of burns?

Back 87

Release of cytokines, histamines another inflammatory mediators at the site of injury has a systemic effect once the burns reach 20 to 30% of total body surface area.

Front 88

When does the systemic response occur in Burns?

Back 88

When Burns reach 20 to 30% of total body surface area

Front 89

What are the cardiovascular changes of burns?

Back 89

Capillary permeability is increased, and leading to loss of intravascular protein and fluids into the interstitial compartment.

Front 90

What are the outcomes of cardiovascular changes in burns?

Back 90

Hypovolemia

Plasma

Protein loss

Tachycardia

Hemoconcentration

DIC

End stage organ failure

Front 91

What is hypovolemia caused by in Burns?

Back 91

Capillary permeability causes third spacing of fluid throughout the body causing massive edema

Front 92

What is the highest priority after Airway and breathing in Burns?

Back 92

Fluid resuscitation

Front 93

What is severe edema in burns caused by and what may it require?

Back 93

Third spacing of fluid in the tissues may require escharotomy

Front 94

What is metabolic changes of burns?

Back 94

The basal metabolic rate increases up to three times its original rate

Front 95

What are the immunological changes of burns?

Back 95

Nonspecific down regulation of the immune response occurs, affecting both cell mediated and humoral Pathways causing patients to become immunocompromised.

Front 96

What are the metabolic changes of burns?

Back 96

Catabolism

Stress hormones excreted

Hyperkalemia

Skin breakdown

Front 97

What does hyperkalemia cause?

Back 97

Acidosis