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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the social exchange theory? |
It says that people try to maximise the rewards and reduce the cost they get from a relationship.
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What is sampling? |
Sampling - We consider the potential rewards and costs of a relationship and compare it with other relationships available at the time.
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What is Bargaining? |
Bargaining - We give and receive rewards to test whether a deeper relationship is worthwhile.
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What is Commitment? |
Commitment - The relationship increases in predictability so each partner knows how to get rewards from the other, which lowers costs.
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What is Institutionalisation? |
Institutionalisation - The relationship norms are developed which establishes the patterns of rewards and costs for each partner.
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What are the advantages of the SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY? |
a. It provides an explanation as to why many women choose to stay in abusive relationships. If investments in the relationship are high (e.g. children, financial security) & alternative prospects are bleak (e.g. poverty, homelessness), then a woman may see staying in the abusive relationship to be more profitable than leaving it.
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What are the disadvantages of the SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY? |
SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY has been criticized for focusing only on the individual’s view of their relationships, it wrongly assumes that people are only concerned about themselves and are SELFISH.
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What is the matching hypothesis? |
It says that people are attracted to others who have a similar level of physical attractiveness to their own.
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How was the Walster et al research into attraction organised? |
A computer dance was advertised during freshers week at a college.
A total of 752 males and females attended for just $1.00.-When they bought the ticket they were told that information they gave about themselves would be fed into a computer and this would provide an, ‘ideal match’ date. c. Each student was independently assessed by judges for attractiveness when they signed up. When students were giving their data (when they booked thier ticket) an unseen observer marked them on attractiveness. d. Students were then randomly paired by a computer (except no man went with a taller woman). |
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What happened when the pairs met? |
After spending two hours with their dates students were asked how much they liked their partner.
g. During the dance and again 2 days later students completed questionnaires about the dance and their dates. |
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What did the study into attraction by Walster et al find?
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a. They found that physical attractiveness was the most important factor in liking.
b. They also found the most physically attractive students were liked more by their dance partners. c. Physical attractiveness was a good indicator of whether they would see each other again. |
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What happened 6 months after the dates? |
Six months later when asked if the participants had seen their date again they found that the participants were more likely to have dated if they were of similar attractiveness.
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What is the advantage of the study into attraction by Walster et al? |
Asking the students six months later if they had dated their partner since the dance is more realistic because it has allowed enough time to pass.
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What is the disadvantage of the study into attraction by Walster et al? |
It is not a realistic test of attraction because they were given their dates before they had the chance to reject them.
b. It is also not very realistic because they did not spend very much time together during the first date so their assessments of each other may not be reliable. |
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What is the 3 factor love theory? |
A theory in which three factors need to be involved for us to ‘fall in love’.
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What are the 3 factors in the love theory? (Physiological arousal) |
Physiological arousal – In certain circumstances we may experience emotions that are determined by a general arousal state. The heart starts to race, our palms become sweaty.
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What are the 3 factors in the love theory?(Appropriate love object) |
Appropriate love object – In order to fall in love, we need someone to fall in love with. However, this needs to be an appropriate and obtainable object, not someone who we find unattractive or too attractive and perhaps ‘out of our league’
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What are the 3 factors in the love theory? (Cultural exposure) |
Cultural exposure – It is argued that our culture needs to have an idea of love for us to use in order for us to make sense of our experience. These cultural expectations have an impact on us.
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What are the advantages of the 3 factor love theory? |
a. This theory has had support from the ‘love on a suspension bridge’ study as men on the suspension bridge tended to label their physiological arousal as sexual attraction to the attractive female
b. It can explain the ‘love at first sight’ feelings that people report, so it may only be relevant to certain love experiences. c. The theory can explain cultural differences, as in the West certain feelings and expectations are seen as love. |
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What are the disadvantages of the 3 factor love theory? |
The’ love on a suspension bridge’ is weak and could explain attraction rather than love.
The supporting study lacks external validity as it was artificial and doesn’t resemble how actual relationships are formed. |
